Method for obtaining an extract of a plant biomass
Provided herein is a method of obtaining an extract from a plant biomass as well as an extract obtained from the method. Also provided is a pharmaceutical product, ODF, nutraceutical product, and/or edible product, that includes the extract and one or more excipients. Also provided is a method that includes orally administering the extract (or pharmaceutical product, ODF, nutraceutical product, and/or edible product, that includes the extract).
1. A method for obtaining an extract, the method comprising:
(a) reducing the size of a plant biomass, the plant biomass comprising psilocybin mushroom and cannabis;
(b) ultrasonicating the plant biomass;
(c) contacting the plant biomass with a supercritical fluid solvent system above the critical pressure and above the critical temperature; and
(d) removing the supercritical fluid solvent system from the plant biomass to obtain an extract of psilocybin mushroom and cannabis;
wherein,
the plant biomass comprises the psilocybin mushroom and the cannabis in a weight ratio of 1:99 to 25:75, respectively.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the psilocybin mushroom comprises at least one of Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus , and Psilocybe.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabis comprises at least one of Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica , and Cannabis ruderalis.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the psilocybin mushroom has a moisture content of less than 15 wt. %.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabis has a moisture content of less than 15 wt. %.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the psilocybin mushroom is reduced to a size such that at least 90 wt. % of the psilocybin mushroom present in the plant biomass is less than 10 mm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cannabis is reduced to a size such that at least 90 wt. % of the cannabis present in the plant biomass is less than 50 mm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducing the size of the plant biomass comprises at least one of blending, grinding, pulverizing, mincing, liquefying, cutting, macerating, and chopping.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonicating employs high-power ultrasound waves effective to achieve ultrasound-assisted cell lysis.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the plant biomass with the supercritical fluid solvent system is a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), carried out once.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the plant biomass with the supercritical fluid solvent system is a fractional supercritical fluid extraction (FSFE), carried out multiple times.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the plant biomass with the supercritical fluid solvent system is carried out at a pressure of above 74 bar and wherein the supercritical fluid solvent system comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting of the plant biomass with the supercritical fluid solvent system is carried out at a temperature of above 31° C. and wherein the supercritical fluid solvent system comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting the plant biomass with the supercritical fluid solvent system is carried out for period of time of at least 60 seconds.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supercritical fluid solvent system comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and at least one of hydrogen (H 2 ), neon (Ne), nitrogen (N 2 ), argon (Ar), methane (CH 4 ), ethane (CH 3 CH 3 ), propane (CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 ), ammonia (NH 3 ), xenon (Xe), methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-hexanol, 2-methoxy ethanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, acetic acid, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, propylene carbonate, N,N-dimethylaceamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formic acid, carbon disulfide, acetone, toluene, hexanes, pentanes, trifluoromethane (Freon® 23), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), sulfur hexafluroide (SF 6 ), butane (n-C 4 H 10 ), isobutane (i-C 4 H 10 ), ethyl ether ((C 2 H 5 ) 20 ), benzotrifluoride (C 6 H 5 CF 3 ), (p-chlorophenyl)trifluoromethane (ClC 6 H 4 CF 3 ), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrofluorocarbon (HFA), and HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supercritical fluid solvent system comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as the sole solvent.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purifying the extract.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purifying the extract employing at least one of chromatography, adsorption, crystallization, distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, filtration, fractional distillation, precipitation, recrystallization, lyophilization (freeze drying), and sublimation.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with cannabinoids.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with at least one of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with terpenes.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with flavonoids.
23. A method for obtaining an extract, the method comprising:
(a) reducing the size of a plant biomass, the plant biomass comprising psilocybin mushroom and cannabis;
(b) ultrasonicating the plant biomass;
(c) contacting for period of time of at least 60 seconds the plant biomass with a supercritical fluid solvent system that comprises carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), at a pressure of above 74 bar, and at a temperature of above 31° C.; and
(d) removing the supercritical fluid solvent system from the plant biomass to obtain an extract of psilocybin mushroom and cannabis;
wherein,
relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with cannabinoids;
relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with at least one of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin;
relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with terpenes; and
relative to the plant biomass, the extract is enriched with flavonoids.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein
relative to the cannabis , the extract is enriched with cannabinoids;
relative to the cannabis , the extract is enriched with terpenes;
relative to the cannabis , the extract is enriched with flavonoids; and
relative to the psilocybin mushroom, the extract is enriched with at least one of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein on a weight percentage basis
relative to the cannabis , the extract comprises at least 25 wt. % more cannabinoids;
relative to the cannabis , the extract comprises at least 25 wt. % more terpenes;
relative to the cannabis , the extract comprises at least 25 wt. % more flavonoids; and
relative to the psilocybin mushroom, the extract comprises in the aggregate at least 25 wt. % more psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin.