Propulsion battery packs with integrated fuel tank mounting systems
Presented are battery assemblies with integrated fuel tanks, methods for making/using such battery assemblies, and fuel cell electric vehicles having rechargeable traction battery packs with integrated fiber-composite hydrogen fuel tanks. A rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) assembly includes a battery pack housing with an internal battery module compartment located between two tank mounting cavities. Each mounting cavity is recessed into a respective lateral side of the battery pack housing. Multiple rechargeable battery modules are electrically interconnected with one another and mounted inside the battery module compartment. Each battery module contains multiple battery cells, such as a stack of series-connected lithium-ion pouch cells. A fuel tank is mounted in each of the tank mounting cavities on the lateral sides of the battery pack housing. Each fuel tank, which may be fabricated from a carbon fiber reinforced polymer, stores and selectively dispenses a fuel, such as a hydrogen-rich, compressed gas fuel.
1. A rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) assembly, comprising:
a battery pack housing defining therein a battery module compartment located between first and second tank mounting cavities, the first and second tank mounting cavities recessed into first and second lateral sides of the battery pack housing;
a plurality of battery modules mounted inside the battery module compartment, each of the battery modules containing a stack of battery cells; and
first and second fuel tanks mounted in the first and second tank mounting cavities on the first and second lateral sides, respectively, of the battery pack housing, each of the first and second fuel tanks configured to store and selectively dispense a fuel.
2. The RESS assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second fuel tanks includes an elongated cylindrical casing formed with a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material.
3. The RESS assembly of claim 2 , wherein the elongated cylindrical casing has a longitudinal tank length substantially equal to a longitudinal pack length of the battery pack housing.
4. The RESS assembly of claim 2 , wherein the fuel is a hydrogen-based fluid, and wherein each of the first and second fuel tanks includes a high-density polymer liner located inside the cylindrical casing and containing therein the hydrogen-based fluid.
5. The RESS assembly of claim 2 , wherein the FRP material is a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP).
6. The RESS assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of tightening straps removably mounting the first and second fuel tanks to the battery pack housing.
7. The RESS assembly of claim 6 , wherein the tightening straps include first and second series of tightening straps spaced along longitudinal tank lengths of the first and second fuel tanks, respectively.
8. The RESS assembly of claim 6 , wherein each of the tightening straps includes an inboard segment interposed between opposing outboard ends, the inboard segment anchored to an interior wall of the battery pack housing, and the outboard ends fastened together by a releasable clamp.
9. The RESS assembly of claim 1 , further comprising first and second compressible isolation pads wrapped around the first and second fuel tanks, respectively.
10. The RESS assembly of claim 9 , wherein the first compressible pad includes first inner and outer pads pressed against first inboard and outboard surfaces, respectively, of the first fuel tank, and the second compressible pad includes second inner and outer pads pressed against second inboard and outboard surfaces of the second fuel tank, respectively.
11. The RESS assembly of claim 10 , wherein the battery pack housing includes a center plate extending transversely between and radially aligned with the first and second fuel tanks.
12. The RESS assembly of claim 1 , wherein the battery pack housing includes top and bottom plates extending transversely between the first and second fuel tanks and respectively defining uppermost and lowermost extents of the battery module compartment.
13. The RESS assembly of claim 12 , further comprising a plurality of sealing flanges fluidly sealing transverse edges of the top and bottom plates to the first and second fuel tanks.
14. The RESS assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of contoured rails extending along a longitudinal pack length of the battery pack housing and wedged between the fuel tanks and interior walls of the battery pack housing.
15. An electric-drive motor vehicle, comprising:
a vehicle body with multiple road wheels attached to the vehicle body;
an electric traction motor attached to the vehicle body and configured to drive one or more of the road wheels to thereby propel the electric-drive vehicle;
a fuel cell system operable to power the electric traction motor and including a fuel cell stack operable to convert a hydrogen-rich fuel into electricity; and
a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) assembly electrically and/or fluidly connected to the electric traction motor and the fuel cell system, the RESS assembly including:
a battery pack housing attached to the vehicle body and defining therein a battery module compartment located between first and second tank mounting cavities, the first and second tank mounting cavities recessed into first and second lateral sides of the battery pack housing;
a rectangular array of battery modules mounted inside the battery module compartment, each of the battery modules containing a stack of battery cells; and
first and second fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) fuel tanks mounted in the first and second tank mounting cavities on the first and second lateral sides, respectively, of the battery pack housing, each of the first and second fuel tanks configured to store and selectively dispense the hydrogen-rich fuel.
16. A method of assembling a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) assembly, the method comprising:
assembling a battery pack housing to define therein a battery module compartment located between first and second tank mounting cavities, the first and second tank mounting cavities recessed into first and second lateral sides of the battery pack housing;
mounting a plurality of battery modules inside the battery module compartment, each of the battery modules containing a stack of battery cells; and
mounting first and second fuel tanks in the first and second tank mounting cavities on the first and second lateral sides, respectively, of the battery pack housing, each of the first and second fuel tanks configured to store and selectively dispense a fuel.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein each of the first and second fuel tanks includes an elongated cylindrical casing formed with a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material, each of the elongated cylindrical casings having a longitudinal tank length substantially equal to a longitudinal pack length of the battery pack housing.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein mounting the first and second fuel tanks to the battery pack housing includes removably mounting the first and second fuel tanks to the battery pack housing via a plurality of tightening straps, the tightening straps including first and second series of tightening straps spaced along longitudinal tank lengths of the first and second fuel tanks, respectively.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising wrapping first and second compressible isolation pads around the first and second fuel tanks, respectively.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the battery pack housing includes:
a top plate extending transversely between the first and second fuel tanks and defining an uppermost extent of the battery module compartment;
a bottom plate extending transversely between the first and second fuel tanks and defining a lowermost extent of the battery module compartment; and
a center plate extending transversely between and radially aligned with the first and second fuel tanks.