Munitions and methods for operating same
A munition includes a warhead having a warhead axis and axially opposed first and second warhead ends. The warhead includes: a tubular shock attenuation barrier including an axially extending passage extending from a first barrier end proximate the first warhead end to a second barrier end proximate the second warhead end; an explosive core charge disposed in the passage; an explosive main charge surrounding the shock attenuation barrier; projectiles surrounding the main charge; a core charge detonator; and a main charge detonator. The warhead is configured to be activated in each of a first projection mode and an alternative second projection mode. When the warhead is activated in the first projection mode, the main charge detonator detonates the main charge to thereby forcibly project the projectiles from the warhead with a first set of projection velocities and velocity profile. When the warhead is activated in the second projection mode, the core charge detonator detonates the core charge proximate the first barrier end such that a core charge detonation wave propagates through the passage to the second barrier end and, at the second barrier end, the core charge detonation wave detonates the main charge to thereby forcibly project the projectiles from the warhead with a second set of projection velocities and velocity profile. The second set of projectile velocities and velocity profile is different from the first set of projectile velocities and velocity profile.
1. A munition comprising:
a first explosive charge;
a second explosive charge; and
an asymmetric shock attenuation barrier interposed between the first explosive charge and the second first explosive charge;
wherein:
the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier includes:
a first barrier layer adjacent the first explosive charge; and
a second barrier layer interposed between the first barrier layer and the second explosive charge;
the first barrier layer has a first density, the second barrier layer has a second density, and the first density is greater than the second density;
the munition is configured to be activated in each of a first activation mode and an alternative second activation mode;
when the munition is activated in the first activation mode, the first explosive charge is detonated and generates a first detonation wave, and the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier attenuates the first detonation wave with a first attenuation profile that prevents the first detonation wave from detonating the second explosive charge; and
when the munition is activated in the second activation mode, the second explosive charge is detonated and generates a second detonation wave, and the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier attenuates the second detonation wave with a second attenuation profile that permits the second detonation wave to detonate the first explosive charge.
2. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first detonation wave has a first peak pressure incident on the second explosive charge;
the second detonation wave has a second peak pressure incident on the first explosive charge;
the first peak pressure is less than the second peak pressure;
the first peak pressure is insufficient to detonate the second explosive charge; and
the second peak pressure is sufficient to detonate the first explosive charge.
3. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first detonation wave has a first peak pressure incident on the second explosive charge; and
the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier spatially and temporally diffuses the first detonation wave to maintain the first peak pressure below a detonation threshold of the second explosive charge.
4. The munition of claim 1 wherein a density of the first barrier layer is at least three times a density of the second barrier layer.
5. The munition of claim 4 wherein:
the density of the first barrier layer is in the range of from about 2 g/cc to 19.3 g/cc; and
the density of the second barrier layer is in the range of from about 0.05 g/cc to 0.66 g/cc.
6. The munition of claim 1 wherein the second barrier layer is porous.
7. The munition of claim 1 wherein the second barrier layer includes gas-filled or evacuated voids.
8. The munition of claim 7 wherein the second barrier layer is a foam and/or a heterogeneous composite including components with gas-filled or evacuated voids.
9. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first barrier layer has a first shock impedance (ZFU) when the first barrier layer is not loaded and is not compressed;
the second barrier layer has a second shock impedance (ZSU) when the second barrier layer is not loaded and is not compressed; and
the first shock impedance (ZFU) is at least six times the second shock impedance (ZSU).
10. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first barrier layer has a first shock impedance (ZFU) when the first barrier layer is not loaded and is not compressed;
the second barrier layer has a second shock impedance (ZSU) when the second barrier layer is not loaded and is not compressed;
the first barrier layer has a third shock impedance (ZFC) when the first barrier layer is fully loaded and compressed by the first detonation wave;
the second barrier layer has a fourth shock impedance (ZSC) when the second barrier layer is fully loaded and compressed by the second detonation wave; and
the ratio of the third shock impedance (ZFC) to the fourth shock impedance (ZSC) is less than the ratio of the first shock impedance (ZFU) to the second shock impedance (ZSU).
11. The munition of claim 10 wherein the third shock impedance (ZFC) is less than two times the fourth shock impedance (ZSC).
12. The munition of claim 10 wherein the ratio of the first shock impedance (ZFU) to the second shock impedance (ZSU) is at least three times the ratio of the third shock impedance (ZFC) to the fourth shock impedance (ZSC).
13. The munition of claim 1 wherein the first barrier layer includes a material selected from the group consisting of beryllium, aluminum, titanium, steel, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and uranium.
14. The munition of claim 1 wherein the first barrier layer is formed of a material having a tensile spall strength of at least 100 MPa.
15. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first barrier layer includes a first sublayer and a second sublayer interposed between the first sublayer and the second barrier layer; and
the second sublayer has a tensile spall strength that is greater than the tensile spall strength of the first sublayer.
16. The munition of claim 1 wherein the first barrier layer is thicker than the second barrier layer.
17. The munition of claim 1 wherein:
the first barrier layer contacts the first explosive charge and the second barrier layer; and
the second barrier layer contacts the second explosive charge.
18. The munition of claim 1 including a casing surrounding the first and second explosive charges.
19. A method for operating a munition, the method comprising:
providing a munition including:
a first explosive charge;
a second explosive charge; and
an asymmetric shock attenuation barrier interposed between the first explosive charge and the second first explosive charge;
wherein:
the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier includes:
a first barrier layer adjacent the first explosive charge; and
a second barrier layer interposed between the first barrier layer and the second explosive charge;
the first barrier layer has a first density, the second barrier layer has a second density, and the first density is greater than the second density;
the munition is configured to be activated in each of a first activation mode and an alternative second activation mode;
activating the munition in either the first activation mode or the second activation mode;
wherein, when the munition is activated in the first activation mode, the first explosive charge is detonated and generates a first detonation wave, and the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier attenuates the first detonation wave with a first attenuation profile that prevents the first detonation wave from detonating the second explosive charge; and
wherein, when the munition is activated in the second activation mode, the second explosive charge is detonated and generates a second detonation wave, and the asymmetric shock attenuation barrier attenuates the second detonation wave with a second attenuation profile that permits the second detonation wave to detonate the first explosive charge.
20. The munition of claim 18 wherein the casing includes preformed projectiles surrounding the first and second explosive charges.