Microorganisms and methods for producing cannabinoids and cannabinoid derivatives
The present disclosure provides genetically modified host cells that produce a cannabinoid, a cannabinoid derivative, a cannabinoid precursor, or a cannabinoid precursor derivative. The present disclosure provides methods of synthesizing a cannabinoid, a cannabinoid derivative, a cannabinoid precursor, or a cannabinoid precursor derivative.
1. A genetically modified host cell that produces a cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative, wherein the host cell is genetically modified with:
a) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding a tetraketide synthase (TKS) polypeptide;
b) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding an olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC) polypeptide;
c) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding an acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) polypeptide; and
d) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding a geranyltransferase (GOT) polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 110 or at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 100.
2. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell is genetically modified to comprise between two and four copies of the heterologous nucleic acid encoding a tetraketide synthase (TKS).
3. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the cell is genetically modified to comprise between two and four copies of the heterologous nucleic acid encoding an olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC).
4. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell is further genetically modified with:
a) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase polypeptide or a cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase polypeptide;
b) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate geranyl pyrophosphate;
c) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate hexanoyl-CoA or derivatives thereof; and
d) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate malonyl-CoA.
5. The genetically modified host cell of claim 4 , wherein the one or more polypeptides that generate malonyl-CoA comprise an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) polypeptide.
6. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein the host cell is a eukaryotic cell.
7. The genetically modified host cell of claim 6 , wherein the eukaryotic cell is a yeast cell.
8. The genetically modified host cell of claim 7 , wherein the yeast cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
9. The genetically modified host cell of claim 4 , wherein the one or more polypeptides that generate hexanoyl-CoA or derivatives thereof comprise a hexanoyl-CoA synthetase (HCS) polypeptide.
10. The genetically modified host cell of claim 4 , wherein the one or more polypeptides that generate geranyl pyrophosphate comprise a geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase (GPPS) polypeptide.
11. The genetically modified host cell of claim 10 , wherein the GPPS polypeptide is a heterodimeric polypeptide comprising a GPPS large subunit polypeptide and a GPPS small subunit polypeptide.
12. The genetically modified host cell of claim 4 , wherein the one or more polypeptides that generate hexanoyl-CoA or derivatives thereof comprise a MCT1 polypeptide, a PaaH1 polypeptide, a PhaB polypeptide, a PhaJ polypeptide, a Crt polypeptide, a Ter polypeptide, or a BktB polypeptide, or a combination thereof.
13. The genetically modified host cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a TKS polypeptide, the one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding the OAC polypeptide, the one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding the AAE polypeptide, and the one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding the GOT polypeptide is operably linked to an inducible promoter.
14. The genetically modified host cell of claim 13 , wherein the inducible promoter is a GAL promoter.
15. A genetically modified host cell that produces cannabigerol (CBG) or cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), wherein the host cell is genetically modified with:
a) between two and four copies of an integrated heterologous nucleic acid encoding a tetraketide synthase (TKS) polypeptide;
b) between two and four copies of an integrated heterologous nucleic acid encoding an olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC) polypeptide;
c) one integrated heterologous nucleic acid encoding an acyl-activating enzyme (AAE); and
d) one integrated heterologous nucleic acid encoding a geranyltransferase (GOT) polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 100,
wherein each of the integrated heterologous nucleic acids of (a)-(d) are operably linked to an inducible GAL promoter.
16. The genetically modified host cell of claim 15 , wherein the integrated heterologous nucleic acid encoding the geranyltransferase (GOT) polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100.
17. A method of producing a cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative in a genetically modified host cell, the method comprising:
a) culturing the genetically modified host cell in a suitable medium;
wherein the genetically modified host cell comprises:
i) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding a tetraketide synthase (TKS) polypeptide;
ii) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding an olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC) polypeptide;
iii) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding an acyl-activating enzyme (AAE); and
iv) one or more integrated heterologous nucleic acids encoding a geranyltransferase (GOT) polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 110 or at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 100;
and
b) recovering the produced cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the genetically modified host cell further comprises
a) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding a tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase polypeptide or a cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) synthase polypeptide;
b) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate geranyl pyrophosphate;
c) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate hexanoyl-CoA or derivatives thereof; and
d) one or more heterologous nucleic acids encoding one or more polypeptides that generate malonyl-CoA.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein culturing the genetically modified host cell in suitable medium comprising hexanoic acid provides for production of an increased amount of the cannabinoid or cannabinoid derivative compared to that produced by culturing the genetically modified host cell in suitable medium lacking hexanoic acid.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cannabinoid is cannabigerol or cannabigerolic acid.