Method for controlling buckling in deepwater pipeline with inclined sleepers
A method for controlling buckling in subsea pipelines involves identifying spaced-apart sections of a subsea pipeline suitable for controlled lateral buckling. Sets of inclined sleepers are installed at each spaced-apart section and are selected to support the spaced-apart sections of the subsea pipeline in an orientation that is perpendicular to the initial as-laid position. Any buckling caused by thermal expansion of the subsea pipeline is distributed to two or more of the spaced-apart sections, causing the two or more spaced-apart sections to deflect laterally along the inclined sleepers outwardly from an initial as-laid position.
1. A method for controlling buckling in subsea pipelines, comprising the steps of:
providing a subsea pipeline on a seafloor, the subsea pipeline having an initial as-laid position;
identifying a plurality of spaced-apart sections of the subsea pipeline suitable for controlled lateral buckling;
installing a set of inclined sleepers at each spaced-apart section in an orientation that is perpendicular to the initial as-laid position, each of the inclined sleepers in the set of inclined sleepers installed in a spaced-apart relationship;
wherein the set of inclined sleepers has at least three inclined sleepers comprising an upstream inclined sleeper, a central inclined sleeper, and a downstream inclined sleeper, and a length of each inclined sleeper is selected to accommodate a projected lateral deformation relative to the initial as-laid position;
wherein the length of the central inclined sleeper is longer than the length of the upstream and downstream inclined sleepers, corresponding to a shape of the projected lateral deformation relative to the initial as-laid position;
whereby any buckling caused by thermal expansion of the subsea pipeline is distributed to two or more of the spaced-apart sections, causing the two or more spaced-apart sections to deflect laterally along the inclined sleepers, outwardly from the initial as-laid position.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial as-laid position is at an upper end along the length of the central inclined sleeper.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least three inclined sleepers are oriented in the same inclined direction.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inclined sleepers have an inclination angle in a range from 3 degrees to 15 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inclined sleepers have an inclination angle in a range from 3 degrees to 10 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a central inclination angle is in a range from 3 degrees to 15 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein a central inclination angle is in a range from 3 degrees to 10 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein a central inclination angle is in a range from 5 degrees to 7 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein an upstream inclination angle and a downstream inclination angle are independently in a range of from 1 to 10 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein an upstream inclination angle and a downstream inclination angle are independently in a range of from 3 degrees to 7 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein an upstream inclination angle and a downstream inclination angle are independently in a range of from 3 degrees to 5 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inclined sleepers have an inclination angle in a range from 5 degrees to 7 degrees, relative to the seafloor.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the upstream inclined sleeper has an upstream inclination angle, the central inclined sleeper has a central inclination angle, and the downstream inclined sleeper having a downstream stream inclination angle, wherein the central inclination angle relative to the seafloor is greater than one or both of the upstream inclination angle and the downstream inclination angle.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsea pipeline is deployed on the seafloor at a depth in a range of from 5,000 to 15,000 ft (1,500 to 4,500 m).
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spaced-apart sections of the subsea pipeline are spaced at a center-to-center distance in a range of from 2,000 to 10,000 feet (600 to 3,000 m).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of inclined sleepers has from 3 to 10 inclined sleepers.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of inclined sleepers has from 3 to 7 inclined sleepers.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein each inclined sleeper in the set of inclined sleepers is installed in a spaced-apart relationship at a center-to-center distance in a range of from 40 to 100 feet (12 to 30 m).
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsea pipeline is subjected to pressures in a range of from 5,000 to 20,000 psi (35 to 140 MPa) and a temperature in a range of from 300° F. to 400° F. (150° C. to 200° C.).