Method for forming layered thermoset silicone and thermoplastic articles using additive manufacturing, articles formed therefrom and apparatus for use therein
A method is described for forming composite articles comprising thermoset silicon-containing polymers, that includes (a) providing a first composition comprising a first thermoset silicon-containing polymer; (b) providing a thermoplastic composition; (c) printing a first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer using an additive manufacturing device; and (d) printing an at least partial reinforcing layer comprising the thermoplastic composition using an additive manufacturing device. Also described in an apparatus for preparing a composite article comprising thermoset silicon-containing polymers that includes an additive manufacturing printer having a printer drive mechanism, a first printing nozzle for forming a first layer of a first composition; and a second printing nozzle for forming a second layer of a second composition, wherein the additive manufacturing printer is capable of providing two or more layers of each of the first and the second composition to form a three-dimensional composite article of the first and the second composition according to a computer design model, and wherein at least one of the first printing nozzle and the second printing nozzle is a pressurized printing nozzle comprising a heating mechanism in operable contact therewith.
1. A method for forming composite articles comprising thermoset silicon-containing polymers, comprising:
(a) providing a first composition comprising a first thermoset silicon-containing polymer;
(b) providing a thermoplastic composition;
(c) printing, using an additive manufacturing device:
(i) a first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer using an additive manufacturing device; and
(ii) an at least partial reinforcing layer comprising the thermoplastic composition, wherein the first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the at least partial reinforcing layer are printed either to be within the same layer or in successive layers.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer is printed on a substrate.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the at least partial reinforcing layer are complete individual layers printed in at least two successive layers.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer is printed on a substrate.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the at least partial reinforcing layer are printed so as to be within a single layer.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprises at least one polymer selected from the group of a polysiloxane; a polyalkylsiloxane; a polydialkylsiloxane; and combinations, or co-polymers thereof.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprises at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkenoxy, vinyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and fluorinated and perfluorinated groups thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprises one or components selected from the group consisting of a curative, a cure catalyst, an organic peroxide, a hydrolytic crosslinker, a siloxane additive, an ultra-high-molecular-weight siloxane additive, clarifiers, UV absorbers, optical brighteners, pigments, colorants, stabilizers, flame-retardants, quartz, pyrogenic silica, carbon black, fluorinated or perfluorinated polymer additives, and nanosilica dioxide particles.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises at least one thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyoxymethylene, polyamides, polyesters, polyimides, polyarylene ethers, polyarylene ether ketones, polyarylene ether sulfones, polyphenylene oxide blended with polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polystyrene-acrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic polyurethanes, and copolymers, blends, alloys, and derivatives thereof.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing layer may comprise fibers.
11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising printing one or more additional at least partial layers of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer on the first at least partial layer thereof prior to printing the at least partial reinforcing layer.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising printing one or more additional at least partial reinforcing layers comprising the thermoplastic composition on the at least partial reinforcing layer.
13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising successively, and in an alternating manner, printing one or more additional at least partial layers of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and one or more additional at least partial reinforcing layers comprising the thermoplastic composition on the at least one reinforcing layer.
14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising compression molding the article formed by the method into a modified article.
15. A three-dimensional article formed from the method of claim 1 , having a composite structure comprising at least one at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the thermoset silicon-containing polymer and at least one partial layer of the reinforcing composition comprising the thermoplastic.
16. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising
(e) providing a second composition comprising a second thermoset silicon-containing polymer; and
(f) printing an at least partial first layer of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer on the at least partial reinforcing layer using an additive manufacturing device.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer is a complete layer and the at least partial reinforcing layer is a complete layer.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first at least partial layer of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the at least partial reinforcing layer are printed so as to be within a single layer.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first thermoset silicon- containing polymer and/or the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprise at least one polymer selected from the group of a polysiloxane; a polyalkylsiloxane; a polydialkylsiloxane; and combinations, or co-polymers thereof.
20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and/or the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprise at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkenoxy, vinyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, halogen, heterocyclic, and fluorinated and perfluorinated groups thereof.
21. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and/or the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer comprises one or components selected from the group consisting of a curative, a cure catalyst, an organic peroxide, a hydrolytic crosslinker, a siloxane additive, an ultra-high-molecular-weight siloxane additive, clarifiers, UV absorbers, optical brighteners, pigments, colorants, stabilizers, flame-retardants, quartz, pyrogenic silica, carbon black, fluorinated or perfluorinated polymer additives, and nanosilica dioxide particles.
22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer are the same.
23. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer and the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer are the same.
24. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the thermoplastic composition comprises at least one thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyoxymethylene, polyamides, polyesters, polyimides, polyarylene ethers, polyarylene ether ketones, polyarylene ether sulfones, polyphenylene oxide blended with polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polystyrene-acrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic polyurethanes, and copolymers, blends, alloys, and derivatives thereof.
25. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising printing one or more successive at least partial layers of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer on the first at least partial layer thereof prior to printing the at least partial reinforcing layer.
26. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising printing one or more successive at least partial reinforcing layers comprising the thermoplastic composition prior to printing the first at least partial layer of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer.
27. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising printing one or more successive at least partial layers of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer on the first at least partial layer of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer.
28. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising successively, and in an alternating manner, printing one or more additional at least partial layers of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer, one or more additional at least partial reinforcing layers comprising the thermoplastic composition, and one or more additional at least partial layers of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer according to a designed pattern on the first at least partial layer of the second composition comprising the second silicon containing polymer.
29. The method according to claim 28 , wherein each of the at least partial layers of the first composition comprising the first thermoset silicon-containing polymer, each of the at least partial reinforcing layers comprising the thermoplastic composition, and each of the at least partial layers of the second composition comprising the second thermoset silicon-containing polymer is printed as a complete layer.
30. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising compression molding the article formed by the method into a modified article.
31. The method according to claim 16 , further comprising repeating steps (c), (d) and (f) to form an article based on a computer design model.
32. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the article comprises a configuration that is a tubular or a cylindrical solid article.
33. A three-dimensional article formed from the method of claim 16 , having a composite structure comprising at least one at least partial layer of the first composition comprising the thermoset silicon-containing polymer, at least one at least partial layer of the reinforcing composition comprising the thermoplastic and at least one at least partial layer of the second composition comprising a thermoset silicon-containing polymer.
34. The three-dimensional article according to claim 33 , wherein the article is an O-ring, a seal, a gasket, a medical device, a medical implant, or a component part thereof.
35. The three-dimensional article according to claim 33 , wherein the three-dimensional article is further subjected to compression molding to form a modified article.