Non-meat food products having appearance and texture of cooked meat
Non-meat food products are provided that have the appearance and the texture of cooked meat. Methods for making such non-meat food products are also provided. In an embodiment, a method includes mixing dry ingredients comprising vegetable proteins with wet ingredients including water and/or oil to form a non-meat dough; heating the non-meat dough under pressure; maintaining the pressure while transferring the heated non-meat dough to a cooling device; and gradually cooling the heated non-meat dough while gradually decreasing pressure on the heated non-meat dough, to form a non-meat food product. The mixing can be performed by a batch or continuous mixer; the heating can be performed by a device selected from the group consisting of a high shear emulsifier, a heat exchanger, and a dielectric heater; and the gradual cooling can be performed by a heat exchanger.
1. A method of production of a non-meat food product, the method comprising:
mixing (i) dry ingredients comprising vegetable protein with (ii) wet ingredients comprising at least one of water or oil to form a dough;
pumping the dough to at least maintain the dough under pressure and then heating the non-meat dough under pressure, wherein the heating is performed at a temperature of 138° C. to 180° C., and the pressure is from 4.8 bar to 34.5 bar;
pumping the heated dough in a high pressure positive displacement pump after the heating; and
cooling the heated dough to form the non-meat food product.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method does not include extrusion.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated dough undergoes decreasing pressure during the cooling.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the decreasing pressure, during the cooling of the heated dough, comprises a decrease in pressure at a predetermined rate in a cooling device.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the decreasing pressure, during the cooling of the heated dough, subjects the dough to a predetermined final pressure at an end of a cooling device.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dough is a non-meat dough.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-meat food product does not contain soybean oil or soybean flour.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating is performed by a device selected from the group consisting of a high shear emulsifier, a heat exchanger, and a dielectric heater.
9. A method of production of a non-meat food product without use of extrusion, the method comprising:
mixing (i) dry ingredients comprising vegetable protein with (ii) wet ingredients comprising oil to form a non-meat dough;
pumping the non-meat dough to at least maintain the dough under pressure and then heating the non-meat dough under pressure, wherein the heating is performed at a temperature of 138° C. to 180° C., and the pressure is from 4.8 bar to 34.5 bar;
pumping the heated non-meat dough in a high pressure positive displacement pump after the heating; and
cooling the heated non-meat dough to form a non-meat food product, wherein the heated non-meat dough undergoes decreasing pressure during the cooling.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the decreasing pressure during the cooling of the heated non-meat dough comprises a decrease in pressure at a predetermined rate in a cooling device and/or subjects the dough to a predetermined final pressure at an end of the cooling device.