Systems and methods for two-dimensional mobility based filtering of ions

1. A system for filtering ions, comprising:

a first surface extending along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;

a second surface extending along the first direction and the second direction;

an ion channel defined between the first surface and the second surface, the ion channel configured to receive a stream of ions;

a first array of electrodes associated with the first surface and a second array of electrodes associated with the second surface, each of the first and second arrays of electrodes including:

a first plurality of electrodes arranged along the first direction, and

a second plurality of electrodes arranged along the second direction; and

a controller configured to:

apply a traveling wave voltage signal to the first plurality of electrodes, wherein the first plurality of electrodes are configured to generate, based on the first traveling wave signal, a traveling drive potential that travels along the first direction, and

apply a DC voltage gradient signal to the first array of electrodes and the second array of electrodes, the first and second arrays of electrodes configured to generate an DC potential gradient based on the DC voltage gradient signal,

wherein the traveling drive potential and the DC potential gradient are applied simultaneously and are configured to direct a first portion of the stream of ions having ions with mobilities in a first mobility range along a first path and a second portion of the stream of ions having ions with mobilities in a second mobility range along a second path.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein only ions of the first mobility range being directed along the first path are permitted to exit the system.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode along the second direction, and the first plurality of electrodes are located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the DC voltage gradient signal is applied to the first electrode, the second electrode, and at least a third electrode of the first plurality of electrodes,

wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are configured to generate, based on the second voltage signal, the DC potential gradient, and

wherein the DC potential gradient either decreases along the second direction or increases along the second direction.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC potential gradient is either decreasing along the second direction or increasing along the second direction.

6. The system of claim 1 , comprising a barrier having an aperture, the aperture configured to allow passage of the first portion of the stream of ions through the barrier, and the barrier configured to block the second portion of the stream of ions.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to apply a third voltage signal to the first array of electrodes and the second array of electrodes along a third direction opposite the second direction, and

wherein the first path is substantially the same as the second path.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the DC voltage gradient signal is a first DC voltage gradient that decreases along the second direction and the third voltage signal is a second DC voltage gradient that decreases along the third direction.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second arrays of electrodes include a third plurality of electrodes arranged along the first direction,

wherein the controller is configured to apply a third voltage signal to the third plurality of electrodes, the third voltage signal is a second traveling wave voltage signal, and the third plurality of electrodes are configured to generate, based on the third voltage signal, a second drive potential that travels in a third direction opposite the first direction, and

wherein the first path is substantially the same as the second path.

10. The system of claim 1 , comprising a gas diffuser configured to discharge gas into the ion channel and cause the gas to flow across the ion channel in a third direction, the third direction being opposite the first direction or the second direction.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC potential gradient causes the first portion of the stream of ions to assume a first equilibrium position along the second direction and the second portion of the stream of ions to assume a second equilibrium position along the second direction.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion of the first path and at least a portion of the second path are substantially parallel.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the DC voltage gradient is non-linear.

14. A method of filtering ions, comprising:

introducing a stream of ions into an ion channel of an ion filtering device, the ion filtering device including:

a first surface extending along a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction,

a second surface extending along the first direction and the second direction,

a first array of electrodes associated with the first surface and a second array of electrodes associated with the second surface, each of the first and second arrays of electrodes including:

a first plurality of electrodes arranged along the first direction, and

a second plurality of electrodes arranged along the second direction, and

the ion channel defined between the first surface and the second surface;

applying, by a controller, a traveling wave voltage signal to the first plurality of electrodes;

generating, by the first plurality of electrodes, a traveling drive potential based on the first voltage signal, the traveling drive potential traveling along the first direction;

applying, by the controller, a DC voltage gradient signal to the first array of electrodes and the second array of electrodes, wherein the DC voltage gradient signal is applied simultaneously with the traveling drive potential;

generating, by the first and second arrays of electrodes, DC potential gradient based on the DC voltage gradient signal;

directing a first portion of the stream of ions having ions with mobilities in a first mobility range along a first path with the traveling drive potential and the DC potential gradient; and

directing a second portion of the stream of ions having ions with mobilities in a second mobility range along a second path with the traveling drive potential and the DC potential gradient.

15. The method of claim 14 , comprising:

removing, from the ion filtering device, only ions of the first mobility range directed along the first path.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second plurality of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode along the second direction, and the first plurality of electrodes are located between the first electrode and the second electrode.

17. The method of claim 16 , comprising:

applying the DC voltage gradient signal to the first electrode, the second electrode, and at least a third electrode of the first plurality of electrodes; and

generating, by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode, the DC potential gradient based on the DC voltage gradient signal, the DC potential gradient being a gradient that either decreases along the second direction or increases along the second direction.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DC potential gradient is either decreasing along the second direction or increasing along the second direction.

19. The method of claim 14 , comprising:

passing the first portion of the stream of ions through an aperture in a barrier; and

blocking the second portion of the stream of ions with the barrier.

20. The method of claim 14 , comprising:

applying, by the controller, a third voltage signal to the first array of electrodes and the second array of electrodes along a third direction opposite the second direction, wherein the first path is substantially the same as the second path.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the DC voltage gradient signal is a first DC voltage gradient that decreases along the second direction and the third voltage signal is a second DC voltage gradient that decreases along the third direction.

22. The method of claim 14 ,

wherein each of the first and second arrays of electrodes include a third plurality of electrodes arranged along the first direction,

and

comprising the steps of:

applying, by the controller, a third voltage signal to the third plurality of electrodes, the third voltage signal being a second traveling wave voltage signal; and

generating, by the third plurality of electrodes, a second traveling drive potential based on the third voltage signal, the second traveling drive potential traveling in a third direction opposite the first direction, wherein the first path is substantially the same as the second path.

23. The method of claim 14 , comprising:

discharging, with a gas diffuser, gas into the ion channel; and

causing the gas to flow across the ion channel in a third direction opposite the first direction or the second direction.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the DC potential gradient is either decreasing along the second direction or increasing along the second direction.

25. The method of claim 24 , comprising:

causing, by the DC potential gradient, the first portion of the stream of ions to assume a first equilibrium position along the second direction and the second portion of the stream of ions to assume a second equilibrium position along the second direction.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein at least a portion of the first path and at least a portion of the second path are substantially parallel.

27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the DC potential gradient is non-linear.