Redox-active interfaces for accelerated liquid-solid charge transfer reactions
Provided herein is a redox flow battery comprising an anode comprising anodic redox mediators; a negative electrolyte tank comprising an anolyte; and an anode pump capable of circulating the anolyte through the anode. The redox flow battery further comprises a cathode comprising cathodic redox mediators; a positive electrolyte tank comprising a catholyte and a cathode pump capable of circulating the catholyte through the cathode. A separator is between the anode and cathode.
1. A redox flow battery comprising:
an anode comprising an anodic redox component;
a negative electrolyte tank comprising an anolyte;
an anode pump capable of circulating said anolyte through said anode;
a cathode comprising a cathodic redox component;
a positive electrolyte tank comprising a catholyte;
a cathode pump capable of circulating said catholyte through said cathode;
a separator between said anode and cathode; and
wherein at least one of said anodic redox component or said cathode redox component is an organometallic particle wherein said organometallic particle comprises a transition metal, a transition metal oxide or a transition metal carbide and wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Mo and V.
2. A redox flow battery comprising:
an anode comprising an anodic redox component;
a negative electrolyte tank comprising an anolyte;
an anode pump capable of circulating said anolyte through said anode;
a cathode comprising a cathodic redox component;
a positive electrolyte tank comprising a catholyte;
a cathode pump capable of circulating said catholyte through said cathode;
a separator between said anode and cathode; and
wherein at least one of said anodic redox component or said cathode redox component is selected from the group consisting of a polymer and a small molecule organic compound.
3. A redox flow battery comprising:
an anode comprising an anodic redox component;
a negative electrolyte tank comprising an anolyte;
an anode pump capable of circulating said anolyte through said anode;
a cathode comprising a cathodic redox component;
a positive electrolyte tank comprising a catholyte;
a cathode pump capable of circulating said catholyte through said cathode; and
a separator between said anode and cathode;
wherein at least one of said anodic redox component or said cathode redox component is an organometallic particle wherein said organometallic particle comprises a transition metal, a transition metal oxide or a transition metal carbide wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr.
4. The redox flow battery of claim 3 wherein said transition metal is Fe.
5. The redox flow battery of claim 1 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon material selected from the group consisting of a graphitic carbon, a porous carbon, a carbon felt, an allotrope of carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes, either multi-walled carbon nanotubes or single-wall carbon nanotubes.
6. The redox flow battery of claim 5 wherein said carbon material is selected from the group consisting of a multi-walled carbon nanotube and a buckypaper of carbon nanotubes or other carbon allotropes.
7. The redox flow battery of claim 1 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon nanotubes.
8. The redox flow battery of claim 1 wherein at least one of said catholyte or said anolyte comprises a carrier medium.
9. The redox flow battery of claim 8 wherein said carrier medium a liquid.
10. The redox flow battery of claim 9 wherein said carrier medium is selected from the group consisting of water, an organic solvent and an ionic liquid.
11. The redox flow battery of claim 8 wherein said catholyte comprises at least one of an iron salt or a zinc salt.
12. The redox flow battery of claim 11 wherein said catholyte comprises K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ·3H 2 O.
13. The redox flow battery of claim 8 wherein said anolyte comprises and iron salt or an iodine salt.
14. The redox flow battery of claim 13 wherein said anolyte comprises Fe 2 (SO 4 ).
15. The redox flow battery of claim 2 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon material selected from the group consisting of a graphitic carbon, a porous carbon, a carbon felt, an allotrope of carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes, either multi-walled carbon nanotubes or single-wall carbon nanotubes.
16. The redox flow battery of claim 15 wherein said carbon material is selected from the group consisting of a multi-walled carbon nanotube and a buckypaper of carbon nanotubes or other carbon allotropes.
17. The redox flow battery of claim 2 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon nanotubes.
18. The redox flow battery of claim 2 wherein at least one of said catholyte or said anolyte comprises a carrier medium.
19. The redox flow battery of claim 18 wherein said carrier medium a liquid.
20. The redox flow battery of claim 19 wherein said carrier medium is selected from the group consisting of water, an organic solvent and an ionic liquid.
21. The redox flow battery of claim 18 wherein said catholyte comprises at least one of an iron salt or a zinc salt.
22. The redox flow battery of claim 21 wherein said catholyte comprises K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ·3H 2 O.
23. The redox flow battery of claim 18 wherein said anolyte comprises and iron salt or an iodine salt.
24. The redox flow battery of claim 23 wherein said anolyte comprises Fe 2 (SO 4 ).
25. The redox flow battery of claim 3 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon material selected from the group consisting of a graphitic carbon, a porous carbon, a carbon felt, an allotrope of carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes, either multi-walled carbon nanotubes or single-wall carbon nanotubes.
26. The redox flow battery of claim 25 wherein said carbon material is selected from the group consisting of a multi-walled carbon nanotube and a buckypaper of carbon nanotubes or other carbon allotropes.
27. The redox flow battery of claim 3 wherein at least one of said anode or said cathode comprises a carbon nanotubes.
28. The redox flow battery of claim 3 wherein at least one of said catholyte or said anolyte comprises a carrier medium.
29. The redox flow battery of claim 28 wherein said carrier medium a liquid.
30. The redox flow battery of claim 29 wherein said carrier medium is selected from the group consisting of water, an organic solvent and an ionic liquid.
31. The redox flow battery of claim 28 wherein said catholyte comprises at least one of an iron salt or a zinc salt.
32. The redox flow battery of claim 31 wherein said catholyte comprises K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ·3H 2 O.
33. The redox flow battery of claim 28 wherein said anolyte comprises and iron salt or an iodine salt.
34. The redox flow battery of claim 33 wherein said anolyte comprises Fe 2 (SO 4 ).