NK cells exhibiting an adaptive phenotype and methods for preparing and for using
This disclosure describes an adaptive NK cell, an isolated population of adaptive Natural Killer (NK) cells, a composition including an adaptive NK cell, and methods for producing, preparing, and using an adaptive NK cell or an isolated population or composition including an adaptive NK cell. The adaptive NK cells may be used to treat a viral infection or a tumor.
1. An enriched or isolated population of adaptive NK cells obtained by a method comprising culturing a population of NK cells of a blood sample from a subject in a medium to obtain a population comprising an adaptive NK cell, wherein:
(a) the medium comprises:
(i-a) one or more of IL-15, IL-21, and a Notch ligand;
(ii-a) a CMV peptide-supplemented mature dendritic cell;
(iii-a) autologous monocytes and IL-15 and wherein the subject is CMV seropositive; or
(iv-a) at least one of rapamycin and an activator of CD16 signaling;
(b) the culturing step comprises:
(i-b) contacting the NK cells of the blood sample with an inhibitor of at least one of PLZF, TIGIT, or PD-1;
(ii-b) contacting the NK cells of the blood sample with a TIGIT inhibitor; or
(iii-b) genetically knocking down at least one of PLZF, TIGIT, or PD-1 in the NK cells of the blood sample or in the adaptive NK cell or both; or
(iv-b) cell expansion or cell phenotype skewing or both; and
(c) the adaptive NK cell is CD56 dim and is one or more of NKG2C + and TIGIT 1 low .
2. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the TIGIT inhibitor comprises an antibody against TIGIT; or
(ii) the adaptive NK cell is at least one of CD57 + , SYK − , FcεRγ − , EAT-2 − , CD45RO + , and CD45RA − .
3. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein:
(i) the adaptive NK cell exhibits reduced expression of PLZF compared to the population of NK cells prior to culture;
(ii) the adaptive NK cell exhibits an enhanced anti-tumor immune activity compared to the population of NK cells prior to culture; or
(iii) the adaptive NK cell exhibits one or more of increased cytotoxicity, increased cytokine production, increased persistence, and increased resistance to T regulatory cells compared to the population of NK cells prior to culture.
4. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the adaptive NK cell:
(i) is CD56 dim and one or more of NKG2C + , CD57 + , and TIGIT low ;
(ii) is CD3 − , CD56 + and at least one of CD57 + , NKG2C + , SYK − , FcεRγ − , EAT-2 − , CD56 dim , CD45RO + , and CD45RA − ;
(iii) is CD56 dim and NKG2C + ; or
(iv) exhibits reduced expression of at least one of PLZF and PD-1 compared to a canonical NK cell.
5. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the adaptive NK cell:
(i) exhibits an enhanced anti-tumor immune activity compared to a canonical NK cell;
(ii) can overcome myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-induced suppression of an immune response;
(iii) can overcome Treg-induced suppression of an immune response; or
(iv) is long-lived compared to a canonical NK cell.
6. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the medium further comprises (i) at least one of a CD155 inhibitor, a TIGIT inhibitor, and an inhibitor of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and/or (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
7. The enriched or isolated population of claim 6 , wherein (i) the inhibitor of the production of ROS comprises a catalase; or (ii) the ROS production inhibitor or the CD155 inhibitor is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the expression of CD155 on a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC).
8. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises one or more of IL-15, IL-21, and a Notch ligand.
9. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a CMV peptide-supplemented mature dendritic cell.
10. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises autologous monocytes and IL-15 and wherein the subject is CMV seropositive.
11. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises at least one of rapamycin and an activator of CD16 signaling.
12. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the culturing step comprises contacting the NK cells of the blood sample with an inhibitor of at least one of PLZF, TIGIT, or PD-1.
13. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the culturing step comprises contacting the NK cells of the blood sample with a TIGIT inhibitor.
14. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the culturing step comprises genetically knocking down at least one of PLZF, TIGIT, or PD-1 in the NK cells of the blood sample or in the adaptive NK cell or both.
15. The enriched or isolated population of claim 1 , wherein the culturing step comprises cell expansion or cell phenotype skewing or both.
16. A method for treating or preventing cancer, a precancerous condition, or a virus in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the enriched or isolated population of adaptive NK cells of claim 1 .
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the subject comprises a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC).
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising administering a cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine to the subject.