Tuned radio frequency (RF) resonant materials and material configurations for sensing in a vehicle
This disclosure provides a tire formed of a body having multiple plies and a tread that surrounds the body. The plies and/or the treads and/or other surfaces of the tire include one or more resonators that respond to being interrogated by an externally generated excitation signal. Multiple resonators formed of electrically-conducting materials are disposed (e.g., printed) on the plies and/or tread and/or other surfaces of the tire. Each of a group of multiple resonators can be individually configured to respond to different frequencies of the excitation signal such that the presence of a response (e.g., a measured attenuation of the excitation signal return) or lack of response (e.g., based on comparison of the excitation signal return to calibration curves) from individual ones of the multiple resonators can be combined to form a serial number that is unique to the tire or other elastomer-containing component (e.g., belts, hoses, etc.) being interrogated.
1. A tire including a body formed of one or more tire plies, each tire ply comprising:
a first split-ring resonator (SRR) including a plurality of first carbon particles configured to uniquely attenuate an electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the first carbon particles within the first SRR; and
a second SRR adjacent to the first SRR and including a plurality of second carbon particles configured to uniquely attenuate the electromagnetic ping based at least in part on a concentration level of the second carbon particles within the second SRR.
2. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first carbon particles include first aggregates forming a first porous structure, and the second carbon particles include second aggregates forming a second porous structure.
3. The tire of claim 2 , wherein the first and second porous structures comprise mesoscale structuring.
4. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first SRR and the second SRR are printed onto a surface of the tire ply.
5. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first SRR is configured to resonate at a first frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping, and the second SRR is configured to resonate at a second frequency in response to the electromagnetic ping, the first frequency different than the second frequency.
6. The tire of claim 5 , wherein the first and second frequencies form an encoded serial number.
7. The tire of claim 5 , wherein an amplitude of the resonance of the first SRR or the second SRR is indicative of an extent of wear of the tire ply.
8. The tire of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the attenuation of the electromagnetic ping by the first SRR and the second SRR is indicative of an extent of wear of the tire ply.
9. The tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the first SRR and the second SRR has an attenuation point.
10. The tire of claim 9 , wherein the attenuation point of each the first SRR and the second SRR is associated with a frequency response to the electromagnetic ping.
11. The tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second carbon particles is chemically bonded with the tire ply.
12. The tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the first SRR and the second SRR has a principal dimension associated with one or more of an S-parameter or a frequency of the electromagnetic ping.
13. The tire of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first SRR or the second SRR has one of an oval shape, an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a circle shape, or a curved line.
14. The tire of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the first SRR or the second SRR comprises a cylindrical SRR.
15. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first SRR and the second SRR are configured as a pair of concentric rings.
16. The tire of claim 15 , wherein the first SRR is positioned outside the second SRR.
17. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first SRR and the second SRR are disposed within an inner liner of the tire.
18. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the first SRR and the second SRR are disposed on a treaded side of the tire body.
19. The tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the first SRR and the second SRR has a negative effective permeability.
20. The tire of claim 1 , wherein each of the first SRR and the second SRR includes one or more of electrically-conducting materials, metals, electrically-conducting non-metals, dielectric materials, or semiconducting materials.