Methods of treating RBP4 related diseases with triazolopyridines

1. A method of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein:

each R 1 is independently halogen, haloalkyl, or alkyl;

R 2 is —H, —OH, or halogen;

p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and

A has the structure:

wherein:

α, β, χ, and δ are each independently absent or present, and when present each is a bond;

X is N;

Z 1 is S, O, or N;

Z 2 is S, O, N, or NR 3 ;

R 3 is H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or oxetane; and

B is a substituted or unsubstituted fused 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring structure.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

when α is present, then Z 1 and Z 2 are N, X is N, β is present, and χ and δ are absent.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein A has the structure

wherein:

n is 0, 1, or 2;

α, β, χ, δ, ε, and ϕ are each independently absent or present, and when present each is a bond;

Z 1 is S, O, or N;

Z 2 is S, O, N or NR 3 ,

wherein R 3 is H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or oxetane;

X is N;

Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and each occurrence of Y 4 are each independently CR 4 , C(R 5 ) 2 , NR 6 , O, N, SO 2 , or —(C═O)—, wherein:

each R 4 is independently H, halogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 cycloalkyl, —O(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)OH, —C(O)O(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)NH 2 , —(O)NH(C 1 -C 4 alkyl), —C(O)N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 , —NHC(O)NH(C 1 -C 10 -alkyl), —NHC(O)N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 , —SO 2 NH(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —SO 2 N(C 1 -C 10 alkyl) 2 , —CN, or —CF 3 ;

each R 5 is independently H or C 1 -C 10 alkyl; and

each R 6 is independently H, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, —(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)CF 3 , —(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)OCH 3 , —(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)-halogen, —SO 2 (C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —SO 2 (C 1 -C 10 alkyl)-CF 3 , —SO 2 (C 1 -C 10 alkyl)OCH 3 , —SO 2 (C 1 -C 10 alkyl)-halogen, —C(O)(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)CF 3 , —C(O)(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)OCH 3 , —C(O)(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)-halogen, —C(O)NH(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)N(C 1 -C 10 alkyl) 2 , —(C 1 -C 10 alkyl)C(O)OH, —C(O)NH 2 , or oxetane.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

when α is present, then Z 1 and Z 2 are N, X is N, β is present, and χ and δ are absent;

when ε and ϕ are each present, then n=1, and each of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 , are independently —CR 4 — or N; or

when ε and ϕ are each absent, then n=0, 1 or 2, each of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and each occurrence of Y 4 are independently C(R 5 ) 2 , NR 6 , O, or SO 2 .

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

α, β, ε, and ϕ are present;

χ and δ are absent;

Z 1 is N;

Z 2 is N; and

X is N.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein A has the structure:

wherein:

Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are each independently CR 4 or N; and

each R 4 is independently H, halogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 cycloalkyl, —O(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)OH, —C(O)O(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —C(O)NH 2 , —C(O)NH (C 1 -C 4 alkyl), —C(O)N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 , —NHC(O)NH(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —NHC(O)N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 , —SO 2 NH(C 1 -C 10 alkyl), —SO 2 N(C 1 -C 10 alkyl) 2 , —CN, or —CF 3 .

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein A has the structure

wherein:

each R 4 is independently H, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, —O(C 1 -C 4 alkyl), —CN, —CF 3 , —C(O)OH, —C(O)NH 2 , —C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(O)NHCH 3 , or —NHC(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 .

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is independently F, Br, Cl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, or C 1-6 alkyl.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is independently F or CF 3 .

10. A method of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11. A method of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is up to 25 mg per day, up to 50 mg per day, up to 75 mg per day, up to 100 mg per day, up to 150 mg per day, up to 200 mg per day, up to 400 mg per day, up to 600 mg per day, up to 800 mg per day, or up to 1000 mg per day.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein 24 hours after administration of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the serum or plasma levels of RBP4 are reduced by at least 50% from baseline.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein 24 hours after administration of a compound of Formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the serum or plasma levels of RBP4 are reduced by at least 1 mg/dL.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered to the subject orally or intravenously.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is to treat existing obesity.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is provided to reduce the risk of obesity, its chronic complications, or its clinical symptoms.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is provided to cause regression, reversal, or amelioration of obesity.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration improves plasma insulin levels.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration decreases an inflammatory cytokine.