Analysis of antimicrobial coatings using XRF
A method of quantifying an antimicrobial coatings using a handheld XRF analyzer is disclosed. The method provides an estimate of the expected level of antimicrobial efficacy for a thin film comprising silicon and/or titanium by obtaining a 14 Si or 22 Ti peak intensity using XRF spectroscopy and converting the obtained 14 Si or 22 Ti peak intensity to the expected level of efficacy using a calibration curve. A properly calibrated handheld XRF analyzer allows a user to assess the viability of antimicrobial coatings in the field, such as in a hospital where various fomites may be coated with silane and/or titanium compositions.
1. A method of estimating an expected level of residual antimicrobial efficacy for an antimicrobial coating comprising an organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent, the method comprising:
obtaining 17 Cl photon counts from the antimicrobial coating using XRF spectroscopy; and
converting the obtained 17 Cl photon counts to the expected level of residual antimicrobial efficacy using a calibration curve.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent is selected from the group consisting of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, homopolymers therefrom, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises at least one of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-thioropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltdethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropylsilanetriol.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises an organic amine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining the 17 Cl photon counts comprises irradiation of the antimicrobial coating with X-rays emanating from a handheld XRF analyzer and detecting X-ray emissions from the coating.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calibration curve comprises an x/y plot of the expected level of residual antimicrobial efficacy for a desired microorganism versus the 17 Cl photon counts.
7. A method of measuring a thickness of an antimicrobial coating comprising an organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent, the method comprising:
obtaining initial 17 Cl photon counts from the antimicrobial coating using XRF spectroscopy;
subjecting the antimicrobial coating to mechanical abrasion;
obtaining 17 Cl photon counts from the antimicrobial coating after mechanical abrasion using XRF spectroscopy; and
converting the obtained 17 Cl photon counts to the thickness of the antimicrobial coating after mechanical abrasion using a calibration curve.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent is selected from the group consisting of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, homopolymers therefrom, and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises at least one of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropylsilanetriol.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises an organic amine.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the step of obtaining the 17 Cl photon counts comprises irradiation of the antimicrobial coating with X-rays emanating from a handheld XRF analyzer and detecting X-ray emissions from the coating.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the calibration curve comprises an x/y plot of antimicrobial coating thickness versus 17 Cl photon counts.
13. A method of measuring a weight per unit of surface area of an antimicrobial coating comprising an organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent, the method comprising:
obtaining initial 17 Cl photon counts from the antimicrobial coating using XRF spectroscopy;
subjecting the antimicrobial coating to mechanical abrasion;
obtaining 17 Cl photon counts from the antimicrobial coating after mechanical abrasion using XRF spectroscopy; and
converting the obtained 17 Cl photon counts to the weight per unit of surface area of the antimicrobial coating after mechanical abrasion using a calibration curve.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the organosilane having a quaternary ammonium chloride substituent is selected from the group consisting of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride, homopolymers therefrom, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises at least one of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropylsilanetriol.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the antimicrobial coating further comprises an organic amine.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of obtaining the 17 Cl photon counts comprises irradiation of the antimicrobial coating with X-rays emanating from a handheld XRF analyzer and detecting X-ray emissions from the coating.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the calibration curve comprises an x/y plot of weight per unit of surface area of the antimicrobial coating versus 17 Cl photon counts.