Superconducting switch
The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for operating superconducting circuits. In one aspect, an electric circuit includes: (1) a superconductor component having a first terminal at a first end and a second terminal at a second end; (2) a gate component thermally-coupled to the superconductor component at a first location between the first terminal and the second terminal, where the gate component is thermally-coupled via a first section of the gate component; and where the gate component has a smallest width at the first section so as to focus resistive heating toward the superconductor component.
1. An electric circuit, comprising:
a superconductor component having a first terminal at a first end and a second terminal at a second end;
a thermally-conductive coupling component coupled to the superconductor component at a first location between the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein the thermally-conductive coupling component is composed of an electrically-insulating material; and
a gate component configured to generate a resistive heat that exceeds a superconducting threshold temperature of the superconductor component, wherein the gate component is thermally-coupled to the thermally-conductive coupling component via a first section of the gate component; and
wherein the gate component has a smallest width at the first section so as to focus resistive heating toward the superconductor component, and the gate component is separated from the superconductor component by the thermally-conductive coupling component.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the gate component has a first end and a second end, opposite the first end, and wherein the gate component is tapered between the first end and the first section and between the second end and the first section.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first end of the superconductor component is opposite of the second end, and wherein the first location comprises an edge portion of the superconductor component between the first end and the second end.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the gate component has a non-zero resistance.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electric circuit includes:
a first layer comprising the superconductor component;
a second layer comprising the gate component; and
a third layer arranged between the first layer and the second layer, third layer comprising the thermally-conductive coupling component.
6. The circuit of claim 5 , wherein the first, second, and third layers are vertically stacked.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a first current source coupled to the superconductor component, the first current source configured to supply a first current to the superconductor component.
8. The circuit of claim 7 , wherein the first current is adapted to maintain the superconductor component in a superconducting state in the absence of heat from the gate component.
9. The circuit of claim 7 , further comprising a non-superconductor component coupled in parallel with the superconductor component such that at least a portion of the first current is redirected to the non-superconductor component while the superconductor component is in a non-superconducting state.
10. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a second current source coupled to the gate component, the second current source configured to selectively supply a second current, wherein the second current is adapted so as to cause the gate component to generate sufficient heat at the first section to cause the superconductor component to transition from a superconducting state to a non-superconducting state.
11. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the superconductor component includes a constricted portion between the first terminal and the second terminal;
wherein the first location is within the constricted portion;
whereby the constricted portion causes current crowding effects at the first location, thereby reducing an amount of heat needed to transition to a non-superconducting state.
12. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the superconductor component is shaped so as to promote self-heating in response to the first location transitioning to a non-superconducting state.
13. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the superconductor component is arranged in a spiral shape between the first terminal and the second terminal;
wherein the first location is within a center portion of the spiral shape;
whereby the spiral shape of the superconductor component promotes heat spread throughout the superconductor component thereby increasing an amount of the superconductor component that transitions to a non-superconducting state in response to heat from the gate component.
14. An electric circuit, comprising:
a superconductor component having a first terminal at a first end and a second terminal at a second end;
a thermally-conductive coupling component thermally coupled to the superconductor component, wherein the thermally-conductive coupling component is composed of an electrically-insulating material; and
a gate component configured to generate a resistive heat that exceeds a superconducting threshold temperature of the superconductor component, wherein the gate component is thermally-coupled to the thermally-conductive coupling component; and
wherein the gate component is separated from the superconductor component by the thermally-conductive coupling component.
15. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the gate component has a first end and a second end, opposite the first end, the gate component is coupled to the thermally-conductive coupling component via a first section, and the gate component is tapered between the first end and the first section and between the second end and the first section.
16. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the first end of the superconductor component is opposite of the second end, the superconductor component is coupled to the thermally-conductive coupling component via a first location, and the first location comprises an edge portion of the superconductor component between the first end and the second end.
17. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the gate component has a non-zero resistance.
18. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the electric circuit includes:
a first layer comprising the superconductor component;
a second layer comprising the gate component; and
a third layer arranged between the first layer and the second layer, third layer comprising the thermally-conductive coupling component.
19. The circuit of claim 18 , wherein the first, second, and third layers are vertically stacked.
20. The circuit of claim 18 , wherein the superconductor component is arranged in a spiral shape between the first terminal and the second terminal.
21. The circuit of claim 18 , wherein the superconductor component is shaped so as to promote self-heating in response to transitioning to a non-superconducting state.