Photoelectrocatalytic device for water disinfection
A water-disinfecting apparatus includes a vessel with a cathode, an insert with a photoanode, an ultraviolet light source configured to be positioned in the insert, and a power source. The cathode forms an electrically conductive layer on an inner surface of the vessel. The photoanode is configured to be positioned in the cathode. The power source is configured to be operably coupled to the cathode, the photoanode, and the light source.
1. A water-disinfecting apparatus comprising:
a vessel comprising a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises an electrically conductive layer that defines an interior surface of the vessel;
an insert configured to be positioned in the vessel, wherein the insert comprises a photoanode;
an ultraviolet light source configured to be positioned in the insert; and
a power source configured to be operably coupled to the cathode, the photoanode, and the light source.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vessel has a volume of 1 L or less.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vessel has a volume of 1 L or greater.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an outer surface of the vessel is electrically insulating.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is cylindrical.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the photoanode comprises a cylindrical metal substrate with a photoactive semiconductor material on an inner surface of the cylindrical metal substrate.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the cylindrical metal substrate defines openings configured to allow liquid to pass from an inside of the cylindrical metal substrate to the outside of the cylindrical substrate and vice versa.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the photoactive semiconductor material comprises titanium dioxide nanostructures.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the titanium dioxide nanostructures comprise titanium dioxide nanotubes.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet light source comprises a light emitting diode.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the ultraviolet light source is configured to emit ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 365 nm.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises a rechargeable battery.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is a drinking vessel.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the drinking vessel comprises a removable lid.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the power source is removably coupled to the lid.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vessel is configured to be operatively coupled to a water source.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to generate hydroxyl radicals from water in the vessel.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the power source is configured to provide a constant anodic current to inhibit recombination of reductant electrons and oxidant vacancies.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein, when the insert is positioned in the vessel, an annular space is defined between an outer surface of the photoanode and an inner surface of the cathode.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the ultraviolet light source is configured to be positioned concentrically within the photoanode.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is a self-disinfecting water bottle.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is configured to contain water in the vessel.