System for optical free-space transmission of a string of binary data
High power, high speed VCSEL arrays are employed in unique configurations of arrays and sub-arrays. Placement of a VCSEL array behind a lens allows spatial separation and directivity. Diffusion may be employed to increase alignment tolerance. Intensity modulation may be performed by operating groups of VCSEL emitters at maximum bias. Optical communications networks with high bandwidth may employ angular, spatial, and/or wavelength multiplexing. A variety of network topologies and bandwidths suitable for the data center may be implemented. Eye safe networks may employ VCSEL emitters may be paired with optical elements to reduce optical power density to eye safe levels.
1. A device, comprising:
a substrate;
a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array,
wherein the VCSEL array is two-dimensional; and
a plurality of lenses fabricated on a backside of a surface of the substrate,
wherein the backside is opposite the VCSEL array,
wherein each lens, of the plurality of lenses, corresponds to a VCSEL of the VCSEL array,
wherein each lens, of the plurality of lenses, is configured to focus light emitted by the corresponding VCSEL,
wherein a first lens, of the plurality of lenses, is centered relative to a first VCSEL, of the VCSEL array, corresponding to the first lens, and
wherein one or more second lenses of a subset of lenses, of the plurality of lenses excluding the first lens, is offset relative to one or more second VCSELs, of the VCSEL array, corresponding to the one or more second lenses.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lenses are configured to focus light emitted by the VCSEL array to a same focal point.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first VCSEL is a center VCSEL of the VCSEL array, and
wherein the first lens is configured to focus light emitted by the center VCSEL to a particular focal point.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the one or more second lenses is configured to focus light emitted by the one or more second VCSELs to the particular focal point.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein the subset of lenses, are positioned at corresponding offset distances from the center VCSEL such that light passing through the subset of lenses is directed to the particular focal point.
6. The device of claim 3 , wherein each lens, of the subset of lenses, is positioned offset over the corresponding VCSEL such that light passing through each lens, of the subset of lenses, is directed to the particular focal point.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lenses are configured to focus light emitted by the VCSEL array into a particular pattern.
8. A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array device, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of VCSELs on a surface of the substrate,
wherein the plurality of VCSELs forms a two-dimensional array; and
a plurality of lenses on a backside of the substrate,
wherein the backside of the substrate is opposite the surface of the substrate,
wherein each lens, of the plurality of lenses, is configured to focus light emitted by a corresponding VCSEL of the plurality of VCSELs, and
wherein a lens, of the plurality of lenses, is centered relative to a first VCSEL, of the plurality of VCSELs, while a subset of lenses, of the plurality of lenses excluding the lens, is offset relative to one or more second VCSELs of the plurality of VCSELs.
9. The VCSEL array device of claim 8 , wherein a photolithographic process used to fabricate the plurality of lenses on the backside of the substrate comprises:
the plurality of lenses being defined with photoresist,
the photoresist being heated, and
the plurality of lenses being transferred to the substrate through an etch.
10. The VCSEL array device of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of lenses are configured to focus light emitted by the plurality of VCSELs to a same focal point.
11. The VCSEL array device of claim 8 , wherein the first VCSEL is a center VCSEL of the plurality of VCSELs, and
wherein the lens is configured to focus light emitted by the center VCSEL to a particular focal point.
12. The VCSEL array device of claim 11 , wherein another lens, of the subset of lenses, focuses to the particular focal point.
13. The VCSEL array device of claim 11 , wherein the subset of lenses are positioned at offsets relative to the one or more second VCSELs such that light passing through the subset of lenses is directed to the particular focal point.
14. The VCSEL array device of claim 11 , wherein each lens, of the subset of lenses, is positioned at a corresponding offset distance from the center VCSEL such that light passing through each lens of the subset of lenses is directed to the particular focal point.
15. The VCSEL array device of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of lenses are configured to focus light emitted by the plurality of VCSELs into a particular pattern.
16. A device, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of emitting devices,
wherein the plurality of emitting devices is arranged in a two-dimensional array; and
a plurality of lenses fabricated on a backside of a surface of the substrate,
wherein the backside is opposite the plurality of emitting devices, and
wherein a lens, of the plurality of lenses, is optically aligned with an emitting device of the plurality of emitting devices while a subset of lenses, of the plurality of lenses excluding the lens, is optically offset relative to a subset of emitting devices of the plurality of emitting devices excluding the emitting device.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of lenses focus to a focal point.
18. The device of claim 17 wherein the focal point is aligned with the lens.
19. The device of claim 16 , wherein the lens is central to the plurality of lenses and the lens is surrounded by the subset of lenses.
20. The device of claim 16 , wherein the emitting device corresponding to the lens is central to the plurality of emitting devices.