Imaging element and electronic apparatus including a stepped structure
The present technology relates to an imaging element and an electronic apparatus which make it possible to acquire a variety of information regarding a subject including polarization information. Included are an organic photoelectric conversion film that has a light-transmitting property, is oriented in a predetermined axial direction, and includes a step; an upper electrode arranged on a light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film; and a lower electrode arranged on a side of the organic photoelectric conversion film facing the upper electrode. Protrusions and recesses are formed on the light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film. An accumulation layer that accumulates an electric charge converted by the organic photoelectric conversion film is included between the organic photoelectric conversion film and the lower electrode, and the step is formed depending on the presence or absence of the accumulation layer. The present technology can be applied, for example, to an imaging element that detects a polarization component in a predetermined direction.
1. An imaging element, comprising:
an organic photoelectric conversion film that has a light-transmitting property, wherein
the organic photoelectric conversion film is configured to generate an electric charge based on an incident light,
an orientation of the organic photoelectric conversion film is in a specific axial direction,
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes a step, and
the step includes a protrusion and a recess;
an upper electrode on a light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film;
a lower electrode on a side of the organic photoelectric conversion film that faces the upper electrode; and
a first portion and a second portion, wherein
the first portion and the second portion are along a same plane and between the organic photoelectric conversion film and the lower electrode,
the first portion includes a transparent semiconductor layer having a first thickness,
the second portion is a portion that includes the transparent semiconductor layer having a second thickness,
the second thickness is lower than the first thickness,
the transparent semiconductor layer is configured to accumulate the generated electric charge,
the protrusion of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the first portion, and
the recess of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the second portion.
2. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the protrusion and the recess are on the light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film.
3. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the transparent semiconductor layer includes a light-transmitting material.
4. The imaging element according to claim 1 , further comprising an insulating layer between the transparent semiconductor layer and the lower electrode.
5. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the lower electrode includes:
a first lower electrode configured to read the electric charge generated at the protrusion of the step, and
a second lower electrode configured to read the electric charge generated at the recess of the step.
6. The imaging element according to claim 5 , wherein a wide dynamic range image is generated by composition of
an image based on the electric charge read from the first lower electrode, and
an image based on the electric charge read from the second lower electrode.
7. The imaging element according to claim 1 ,
the transparent semiconductor layer of the first portion is in a first direction; and
the transparent semiconductor layer of the second portion is in a second direction that has a specific angle with the first direction.
8. The imaging element according to claim 7 , wherein the lower electrode includes:
a first lower electrode configured to read the accumulated electric charge in the transparent semiconductor layer of the first portion; and
a second lower electrode configured to read the accumulated electric charge in the transparent semiconductor layer of the second portion.
9. The imaging element according to claim 8 , wherein
correction of a pixel value is based on a specific calculation, and
the specific calculation is using a first pixel value based on the electric charge read from the first lower electrode and a second pixel value based on the electric charge read from the second lower electrode.
10. An electronic apparatus, comprising:
an imaging element that includes:
an organic photoelectric conversion film that has a light-transmitting property, wherein
the organic photoelectric conversion film is configured to generate an electric charge based on an incident light,
an orientation of the organic photoelectric conversion film is in a specific axial direction,
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes a step, and
the step includes a protrusion and a recess;
an upper electrode on a light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film;
a lower electrode on a side of the organic photoelectric conversion film that faces the upper electrode; and
a first portion and a second portion, wherein
the first portion and the second portion are along a same plane and between the organic photoelectric conversion film and the lower electrode,
the first portion includes a transparent semiconductor layer having a first thickness,
the second portion is a portion that includes the transparent semiconductor layer having a second thickness,
the second thickness is lower than the first thickness,
the transparent semiconductor layer is configured to accumulate the generated electric charge,
the protrusion of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the first portion, and
the recess of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the second portion; and
a processing unit configured to process a signal from the imaging element.
11. An imaging element, comprising:
an organic photoelectric conversion film that has a light-transmitting property, wherein
the organic photoelectric conversion film is configured to generate an electric charge based on an incident light,
an orientation of the organic photoelectric conversion film is in a specific predetermined axial direction,
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes regions having different characteristics, and
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes a protrusion and a recess;
an upper electrode on a light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film;
a lower electrode on a side of the organic photoelectric conversion film that faces the upper electrode; and
a first portion and a second portion, wherein
the first portion and the second portion are along a same plane and between the organic photoelectric conversion film and the lower electrode,
the first portion includes a transparent semiconductor layer having a first thickness,
the second portion is a portion that includes the transparent semiconductor layer having a second thickness,
the second thickness is lower than the first thickness,
the transparent semiconductor layer is configured to accumulate the generated electric charge,
the protrusion of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the first portion, and
the recess of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the second portion.
12. The imaging element according to claim 11 , wherein the different characteristics include pixel values of different sensitivities.
13. The imaging element according to claim 11 , wherein
the organic photoelectric conversion film is on a surface that includes an alternate arrangement of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and
a characteristic of the organic photoelectric conversion film on the hydrophilicity is different from a characteristic of the organic photoelectric conversion film on the hydrophobicity.
14. The imaging element according to claim 11 , wherein the lower electrode includes:
a first lower electrode configured to read the electric charge generated in the organic photoelectric conversion film having a first characteristic of the different characteristics, and
a second lower electrode configured to read the electric charge generated in the organic photoelectric conversion film having a second characteristic of the different characteristics.
15. An electronic apparatus, comprising:
an imaging element that includes:
an organic photoelectric conversion film that has a light-transmitting property, wherein
the organic photoelectric conversion film is configured to generate an electric charge based on an incident light,
an orientation of the organic photoelectric conversion film is in a specific axial direction,
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes regions having different characteristics, and
the organic photoelectric conversion film includes a protrusion and a recess;
an upper electrode on a light incident surface side of the organic photoelectric conversion film;
a lower electrode on a side of the organic photoelectric conversion film that faces the upper electrode; and
a first portion and a second portion, wherein
the first portion and the second portion are along a same plane and between the organic photoelectric conversion film and the lower electrode,
the first portion includes a transparent semiconductor layer having a first thickness,
the second portion is a portion that includes the transparent semiconductor layer having a second thickness,
the second thickness is lower than the first thickness,
the transparent semiconductor layer is configured to accumulate the generated electric charge,
the protrusion of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the first portion, and
the recess of the organic photoelectric conversion film is above the second portion; and
a processing unit configured to process a signal from the imaging element.