Vehicles and delivery systems for oxidizing agents
Compositions include a hydrophobic continuous phase having a powdery oxidizing agent (e.g. silver oxynitrate) and a disperse hydrophilic phase comprising at least one hydrophilic substance (e.g. fumed silica) that maintain antimicrobial/anti-biofilm activities; and methods for preparing and using same.
1. A semi-solid composition comprising:
a hydrophobic continuous phase comprising an oxidizing agent comprising a metal in the form of metal (II) or metal (III) oxidation state or a combination thereof, and a non-aqueous solvent; and
a disperse hydrophilic phase comprising nanostructured silica.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic continuous phase comprises less than about 5 wt/wt % water, and exhibits an initial viscosity ranging from about 0 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the hydrophobic continuous phase comprises a compound selected from a lower alkane, higher alkane, liquid paraffin, paraffin wax, petrolatum, polydimethylsiloxane, or a combination thereof.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the compound comprises polydimethylsiloxane exhibiting a viscosity ranging from about 5 centipoise to about 1,000 centipoise, and in an amount ranging from about 35 wt/wt % to about 80 wt/wt %.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, or chloroform.
6. The composition of claim 3 , further comprising a secondary or ternary non-aqueous base in an amount ranging from about 1.0 wt/wt % to about 90 wt/wt %.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured silica is selected from nano silica, fumed silica, or a combination thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the amount of nanostructured silica ranges from about 0.1 wt/wt % to about 30 wt/wt %, with a ratio of fumed silica to nano silica ranging from 1.0 to 0.1.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent exhibits a reduction potential greater than 0.0 V versus a standard hydrogen electrode.
10. The composition in claim 9 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a transition, lanthanide, or actinide metal.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the metal comprises silver, gold, copper, tin, titanium, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, platinum, nickel, cerium, or a combination thereof.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the silver is in the form of Ag(II) or Ag(III) oxidation state or a combination thereof.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the silver is selected from silver fluoride, silver bipyridine, silver carbamate, silver pyridinecarboxylic acid, a silver porphyrin, silver biguanide, a silver oxide comprising AgO, Ag 2 O 2 , Ag 4 O 4 , Ag 2 O 3 , Ag 3 O 4 , Ag 7 O 8 X, wherein X comprises HCO 3 − , BF 4 − , CO 3 2− , NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , SO 4 2− , or F − , or a combination thereof.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the silver comprises silver oxynitrate Ag 7 NO 11 .
15. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the concentration of the silver ranges from about 0.1 wt/wt % to about 50 wt/wt %.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a metal, metal oxide or metal fluoride with or without counterions selected from a nitrate, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, tellurate, periodate, peroxide, perchlorate, permanganate, persulfate, borate, arsenate, or combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the metal compound is capable of forming bonds with a donor ligand selected from dithiocarbamate, aliphatic dithioloate, aromatic dithioloate, selenium ligand, sulfur ligand, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, imine ligand, oxime ligand, dimethylglyoxime, macrocylic amine, porphyrin, tetraazacyclohexadiene, pyridine, pyrazine, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, dimethylphosphine, dimethylarsine, dibutylthiourea, ethylenediimine, polypeptide, guanide, biguanide, polyguanide, phosphine, arsine, or a combination thereof.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a metalloid or a polyatomic non-metal.
19. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a Pickering agent selected from a mineral, a clay, chitosan, cyclodextrin, starch, alginate, cellulose, or a combination thereof.
20. The composition of claim 19 , wherein the amount of the Pickering agent ranges from about 0.1 wt/wt % to greater than about 15.0 wt/wt %.
21. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a surface-active agent selected from an alkyl sulfonate, alkyl quaternary ammonium, alkane phosphate, a block co-polymer of an alkylsiloxane, ethylene glycol, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, or a combination thereof.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the amount of the surface-active agent ranges from about 0.1 wt/wt % to about 10.0 wt/wt %.
23. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrogeling agent selected from a polymeric carbohydrate, saccharide, cellulose, acid, alcohol, pyrrolidone, bentonite, carbopol, carrageenan, xanthan gum, or a combination thereof.
24. The composition of claim 23 , wherein the hydrogeling agent comprises a water concentration of less than about 8.0 wt/wt %.
25. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the amount of the hydrogeling agent ranges from about 0.1 wt/wt % to about 10.0 wt/wt %.
26. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an opacifying agent selected from titanium dioxide, zinc sulfate, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, dolomite, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talc, or mica.
27. The composition of claim 26 , wherein the amount of the opacifying agent ranges from about 1.0 wt/wt % to about 10 wt/wt %.
28. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a masking agent selected from carbon black, pyrophyllite, alumina, aluminum, or bismuth oxychloride.
29. The composition of claim 28 , wherein the amount of the masking agent ranges from about 1.0 wt/wt % to about 10 wt/wt %.
30. A method for preparing the composition of claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
mixing the hydrophobic continuous phase and the oxidizing agent to form a mixture; and
adding the disperse hydrophilic phase in portions to the mixture to form the composition.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising mixing one or more excipients selected from a Pickering agent, a surface-active agent, a hydrogeling agent, a hygroscopic agent, an opacifying agent, or a masking agent.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein one or more components are mixed in the following sequence to form the mixture: the hydrophobic continuous phase, and one or more of an opacifying agent, a masking agent, a hydrogeling agent, and a surface-active agent.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the one or more components comprise siloxane, titanium dioxide, aluminum powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, PEG/PPG dimethicone, and silver oxynitrate.
34. The method of claim 30 , conducted at ambient temperature ranging from 0° C. to 60° C.
35. The method of claim 34 , conducted at ambient temperature ranging from 10° C. to 20° C.
36. The method of claim 30 , wherein the components are mixed at 2000 RPM for about 5 minutes per component.
37. A semi-solid composition comprising:
a hydrophobic continuous phase comprising silver oxynitrate Ag 7 NO 11 inclusive of silver in the form of Ag(II) or Ag(III) oxidation state or a combination thereof, and a non-aqueous solvent; and a disperse hydrophilic phase comprising nanostructured silica;
wherein the composition exhibits antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity.
38. The composition of claim 37 , exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.