Gremlin-1 antagonist for the prevention and treatment of cancer
The invention relates to an anti-GREM1 antagonist for use in a method for the treatment or prevention of a cancer.
1. A method of treating a cancer having a stromal Gremlin-1 (GREM1) overexpression, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-Gremlin-1 antagonist to a subject in need thereof, wherein the antagonist is an anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprising a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4/5/6/7/8/9 or SEQ ID NOs: 3/5/6/7/8/9.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a solid cancer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the colorectal cancer is a mesenchymal subtype colorectal cancer.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the cancer is multiple myeloma.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the cancer is breast cancer.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the cancer is a disseminated cancer; or
(b) the cancer is an established cancer.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the established cancer is an established colorectal cancer.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or 12 and/or a light chain variable region (LCVR) sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or 13; optionally wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a HCVR and LCVR sequence pair of SEQ ID NOs: 10/11 or 12/13.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 14, 16, 18, 22, 28, 30, 32 or 34 and/or a light chain of SEQ ID NO: 15, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 33 or 35; optionally wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a heavy and light chain pair of SEQ ID NOs: 14/15, 16/17, 18/19, 22/23, 28/29, 30/31, 32/33 or 34/35.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the antagonist antibody is a chimeric, human or humanised antibody; or
(b) the antagonist antibody is a Fab, Fab′, F(ab′) 2 , Fv or an scFv.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the antagonist antibody is comprised in a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant and/or carrier.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the method comprises separate, sequential or simultaneous administration of an additional anti-cancer agent; and/or
(b) the method comprises separate, sequential or simultaneous radiotherapy.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said additional anti-cancer agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a familial cancer.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein polyposis is associated with the cancer.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the cancer or polyposis associated with the cancer is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome (HMPS).
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4/5/6/7/8/9.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprises a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 3/5/6/7/8/9.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, oesophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, endometrial cancer, liver cancer, spleen cancer, bone-resident cancer, and osteosarcoma.
21. A method of treating a cancer having epithelial GREM1 overexpression, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-Gremlin-1 antagonist to a subject in need thereof, wherein the antagonist is an anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprising a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4/5/6/7/8/9 or SEQ ID NOs: 3/5/6/7/8/9, optionally wherein the cancer is a GREM1-initiated cancer.
22. A method of treating a cancer having stromal GREM1 overexpression, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-Gremlin-1 antagonist to a subject in need thereof, wherein the antagonist is an anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprising a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4/5/6/7/8/9 or SEQ ID NOs: 3/5/6/7/8/9, wherein the method comprises separate, sequential or simultaneous administration of an additional anti-cancer agent.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the additional anti-cancer agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein said anti-cancer or chemotherapeutic agent is suitable for treatment of colorectal cancer.
25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein said anti-cancer or chemotherapeutic agent is selected from 5-fluoruracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, folinic acid, cetuximab, nivolumab or bevacizumab.
26. A method of treating a cancer having stromal GREM1 overexpression, wherein the method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-Gremlin-1 antagonist to a subject in need thereof, wherein the antagonist is an anti-Gremlin-1 antibody comprising a HCDR1/HCDR2/HCDR3/LCDR1/LCDR2/LCDR3 sequence combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4/5/6/7/8/9 or SEQ ID NOs: 3/5/6/7/8/9, wherein the method comprises separate, sequential or simultaneous administration of an additional anti-cancer agent or chemotherapeutic agent suitable for treatment of multiple myeloma.
27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the additional anti-cancer agent or chemotherapeutic agent is selected from an anti-CD38 antibody, an anti-SLAMF7 antibody, an anti-IL-6 antibody, bortezumib or an iMID.
28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein:
(a) the anti-CD38 antibody is daratumumab;
(b) the anti-SLAMF7 antibody is elotuzumab; and
(c) the anti-IL-6 antibody is siltuximab.
29. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is an iMID, and wherein the iMID is lenalidomide/pomalenomide or an analogue of either thereof.