Microparticle systems and their use for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

1. A dual microparticle system for targeting an antigen-presenting immune cell in a subject who is suspected of having, at risk of having or has Multiple Sclerosis, wherein the microparticle system is a composition that comprises: microparticles that are phagocytosable by the antigen-presenting immune cell, and microparticles that are non-phagocytosable by the antigen-presenting immune cell; wherein the phagocytosable microparticles together comprise at least one myelin antigen, the at least one myelin antigen being an antigen involved in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and at least one immunomodulatory agent selected from vitamin D3, vitamin D3 analog, glucocorticoid, estrogen, rapamycin, and retinoic acid; and wherein the non-phagocytosable microparticles comprise at least one immunosuppressive tolerogenic agent selected from IL-10, TGF-p, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), an agent that recruits the antigen-presenting immune cell of interest selected from GM-CSF, G-CFS, M-CSF, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and VEGF-C, wherein the microparticle system further comprises a remyelinating agent selected from clemastine, clobetasol, digoxin, miconazole, phenytoin, and quetiapine.

2. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the remyelinating agent is administered in soluble form by intravenous injection or is incorporated into the non-phagocytosable microparticles.

3. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the phagocytosable microparticle has a diameter of 0.2 μm-5.0 μm and the non-phagocytosable microparticle has a diameter of 15.0 μm-50.0 μm.

4. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the phagocytosable microparticle or non-phagocytosable microparticle are fabricated from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA).

5. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one myelin antigen comprises at least one of SEQ ID NOs 1-25 or a contiguous fragment thereof.

6. The microparticle system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one myelin-antigen comprises at least one of SEQ ID NOs 12-25 or a fragment thereof comprising contiguous amino acids of said SEQ ID NOs.

7. The microparticle system of claim 6 , wherein at least one myelin-antigen comprises SEQ ID NO. 23.

8. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in a liquid formulation further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

9. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the phagocytosable MPs comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. 23 and vitamin D3.

10. The microparticle system of claim 1 , wherein the non-phagocytosable MPs comprise TGF-β1 and GM-CSF.

11. A method of treating a subject who is suspected of having, at risk of having or has MS comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition of claim 1 .

12. The method, according to claim 11 , wherein the ratio of the at least one myelin antigen to the at least one immunomodulatory agent is between 1:20 and 1:1.

13. A method of treating a subject who is suspected of having, at risk of having or has MS comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a first composition that comprises microparticles that are phagocytosable by the antigen-presenting immune cell, and a second composition comprising microparticles that are non-phagocytosable by the antigen-presenting immune cell; wherein the phagocytosable microparticles together comprise at least one myelin antigen, the at least one myelin antigen being an antigen involved in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and at least one immunomodulatory agent selected from vitamin D3, vitamin D3 analog, glucocorticoid, estrogen, rapamycin, and retinoic acid; wherein the non-phagocytosable microparticles comprise at least one immunosuppressive tolerogenic agent selected from IL-10, TGF-p, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), an agent that recruits the antigen-presenting immune cell of interest selected from GM-CSF, G-CFS, M-CSF, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and VEGF-C; wherein and wherein the first composition and second composition are admixed prior administration or are administered separately.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first composition and second composition are administered separately.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first composition and second composition are administered by the same or different modes of administration.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the modes of administration comprise subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.