Flow control nozzle and system
A flow control system includes a nozzle for controlling the flow of fluids into production tubing from a hydrocarbon containing reservoir. The nozzle comprises a passage extending between an inlet and an outlet, wherein the passage comprises converging and diverging sections separated by a corner. The nozzle serves to effectively choke the flow of steam and thereby allows preferential production of hydrocarbons.
1. A system for controlling flow of fluids from a hydrocarbon-containing subterranean reservoir into production tubing, the system comprising:
a pipe segment adapted to form a section of the production tubing, the pipe segment having a first end and a second end and at least one port extending through the wall thereof for conducting reservoir fluids into the pipe segment;
at least one nozzle provided on the pipe segment, the nozzle having an inlet for receiving reservoir fluids, an outlet arranged in fluid communication with the at least one port, and a fluid conveying passage, extending between the inlet and the outlet, for channeling reservoir fluids in a first direction from the inlet to the outlet;
the fluid conveying passage having:
a first converging region, proximal to the inlet, the first converging region having a reducing cross-sectional area in the first direction;
a diverging region, proximal to the outlet, the diverging region having a first end having a first diameter and a second end positioned at the outlet and having a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter and wherein the diverging region has an increasing cross-sectional area over at least a portion thereof in the first direction; and,
a corner defining the first end of the diverging region.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one nozzle comprises a generally cylindrical body.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the corner is mathematically not differentiable.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conveying passage further comprises:
a second converging region between the first converging region and the diverging region, the second converging region defining a throat having a constricting portion proximal to the first converging region and an expanding portion proximal to the diverging region.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the fluid conveying passage of the nozzle further comprises a region having a generally constant cross-sectional area that fluidly connects the converging region and the diverging region.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein a rate of decrease in the cross-sectional area of the second converging region is greater than a rate of decrease in the cross-sectional area of the first converging region.
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the second converging region includes a constant cross-sectional portion between the constricting and expanding portions.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the length of the diverging region is greater than the length of the first converging region or the second converging region.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the length of the first converging region is greater than the length of the second converging region.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the nozzle outlet is greater than or equal to the diameter of the nozzle inlet.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diverging region has an increasing cross-sectional area up to the nozzle outlet.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the diverging region has a constant cross-sectional area at a section proximal to the nozzle outlet.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conveying passage of the nozzle has a generally smooth surface along its length.
14. The system of claim 1 further comprising a fluid flow diverter provided between the nozzle outlet and the port.
15. The system of claim 1 further comprising a screen for filtering reservoir fluids and wherein the screen is provided adjacent the nozzle inlet.
16. The system of claim 15 further comprising a retaining device for retaining the screen on the pipe, and wherein the retaining device includes a recess for receiving at least a portion of the nozzle.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conveying passage of the nozzle further comprises a region having a generally constant cross-sectional area that fluidly connects the converging region and the diverging region.
18. A nozzle for controlling flow of fluids from a subterranean reservoir into a port provided on a pipe, the nozzle being adapted to be located on the exterior of the pipe adjacent the port, the nozzle having an inlet for receiving reservoir fluids, an outlet arranged in fluid communication with the port, and a fluid conveying passage, extending between the inlet and the outlet, for channeling reservoir fluids in a first direction from the inlet to the outlet;
the fluid conveying passage having:
a first converging region, proximal to the inlet, the first converging region having a reducing cross-sectional area in the first direction;
a diverging region, proximal to the outlet, the diverging region having a first end having a first diameter and a second end positioned at the outlet and having a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter and wherein the diverging region has an increasing cross-sectional area over at least a portion thereof in the first direction; and,
a corner defining the first end of the diverging region.
19. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the at least one nozzle comprises a generally cylindrical body.
20. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the corner is mathematically not differentiable.
21. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the fluid conveying passage further comprises:
a second converging region between the first converging region and the diverging region, the second converging region defining a throat having a constricting portion proximal to the first converging region and an expanding portion proximal to the diverging region.
22. The nozzle of claim 21 , wherein a rate of decrease in the cross-sectional area of the second converging region is greater than a rate of decrease in the cross-sectional area of the first converging region.
23. The nozzle of claim 21 , wherein the second converging region includes a constant cross-sectional portion between the constricting and expanding portions.
24. The nozzle of claim 21 , wherein the fluid conveying passage further comprises a region having a generally constant cross-sectional area that fluidly connects the converging region and the diverging region.
25. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the length of the diverging region is greater than the length of the first converging region or the second converging region.
26. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the length of the first converging region is greater than the length of the second converging region.
27. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the diameter of the nozzle outlet is greater than or equal to the diameter of the nozzle inlet.
28. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the diverging region has an increasing cross-sectional area up to the nozzle outlet.
29. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the diverging region has a constant cross-sectional area at a section proximal to the nozzle outlet.
30. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the fluid conveying passage of the nozzle has a generally smooth surface along its length.
31. The nozzle of claim 18 further comprising a fluid flow diverter provided between the nozzle outlet and the port.
32. The nozzle of claim 18 further comprising a screen for filtering reservoir fluids and wherein the screen is provided adjacent the nozzle inlet.
33. The nozzle of claim 23 further comprising a retaining device for retaining the screen on the pipe, and wherein the retaining device includes a recess for receiving at least a portion of the nozzle.
34. The nozzle of claim 18 , wherein the fluid conveying passage further comprises a region having a generally constant cross-sectional area that fluidly connects the converging region and the diverging region.