IP Library Granted Patent US 12,258,407
Granted Patent B2
US 12,258,407 · App. 17/260,974 · Granted Mar 25, 2025

Anti-PD-1 antibodies, dosages and uses thereof

Inventors: Lieping Chen (Beijing, CN); Liqun Luo (Beijing, CN)
Assignee: Tayu Huaxia Biotech Medical Group Co., Ltd.
C07K16/2818A61K2039/505A61K2039/545C07K2317/52C07K2317/565
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,258,407
App. No.
17/260,974
Granted
Mar 25, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Provided are anti-PD-1 antibodies or fragments thereof. Methods of using the antibodies or fragments thereof for treating and diagnosing diseases such as cancer, infection or immune disorders are also provided.

Claims (29)

1. A method of treating a cancer in a human patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient one or more doses of an isolated antibody or fragment thereof having specificity to a human programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein:

(a) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFTFSSYT (SEQ ID NO: 1), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ISHGGGDT (SEQ ID NO: 2), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHSGYERGYYYVMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ESVDYYGFSF (SEQ ID NO: 4), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAS (SEQ ID NO: 5), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKEVPW (SEQ ID NO: 6);

(b) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GYTFTSYT (SEQ ID NO: 7), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of INPTTGYT (SEQ ID NO: 8), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARDDAYYSGY (SEQ ID NO: 9), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ENIYSNL (SEQ ID NO: 10), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAK (SEQ ID NO: 11), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QHFWGTPWT (SEQ ID NO: 12); or

(c) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFAFSSYD (SEQ ID NO: 13), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ITIGGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 14), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHRYDYFAMDN (SEQ ID NO: 15), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ENVDNYGINF (SEQ ID NO: 16), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of VSS (SEQ ID NO: 17), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKDVPW (SEQ ID NO: 18); and

wherein each dose is at least about 1 mg/kg and less than 10 mg/kg.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each dose is about 1 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, or 200 mg.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each dose is 3 mg/kg.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFTFSSYT (SEQ ID NO: 1), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ISHGGGDT (SEQ ID NO: 2), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHSGYERGYYYVMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ESVDYYGFSF (SEQ ID NO: 4), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAS (SEQ ID NO: 5), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKEVPW (SEQ ID NO: 6).

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof further comprises a heavy chain constant region, a light chain constant region, an Fc region, or the combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant region, wherein the light chain constant region is a kappa or lambda chain constant region.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is of an isotype of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE or IgD.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the isotype is IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a fully human antibody.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is a humanized antibody.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibody or fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 37, or SEQ ID NO: 39, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 43, or SEQ ID NO: 45.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is for treating a cancer, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of bladder cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, urethral cancer, head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer and thyroid cancer.

13. A method of treating an infection or Alzheimer's disease, in a human patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient one or more doses of an isolated antibody or fragment thereof having specificity to a human programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), wherein the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein:

(a) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFTFSSYT (SEQ ID NO: 1), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ISHGGGDT (SEQ ID NO: 2), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHSGYERGYYYVMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ESVDYYGFSF (SEQ ID NO: 4), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAS (SEQ ID NO: 5), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKEVPW (SEQ ID NO: 6);

(b) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GYTFTSYT (SEQ ID NO: 7), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of INPTTGYT (SEQ ID NO: 8), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARDDAYYSGY (SEQ ID NO: 9), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ENIYSNL (SEQ ID NO: 10), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAK (SEQ ID NO: 11), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QHFWGTPWT (SEQ ID NO: 12); or

(c) HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFAFSSYD (SEQ ID NO: 13), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ITIGGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 14), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHRYDYFAMDN (SEQ ID NO: 15), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ENVDNYGINF (SEQ ID NO: 16), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of VSS (SEQ ID NO: 17), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKDVPW (SEQ ID NO: 18); and

wherein each dose is at least about 1 mg/kg and less than 10 mg/kg.

14. The method of claim 4 , wherein each dose is about 1 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, or 200 mg.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein each dose is 3 mg/kg.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein HCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of GFTFSSYT (SEQ ID NO: 1), HCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of ISHGGGDT (SEQ ID NO: 2), HCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of ARHSGYERGYYYVMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3), LCDR1 comprises an amino acid sequence of ESVDYYGFSF (SEQ ID NO: 4), LCDR2 comprises an amino acid sequence of AAS (SEQ ID NO: 5), and LCDR3 comprises an amino acid sequence of QQSKEVPW (SEQ ID NO: 6).

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein each dose is about 1 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, or 200 mg.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein each dose is 3 mg/kg.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method is for treating an infection, wherein the infection is viral infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection or infection by a parasite.

20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the method is for treating an infection, wherein the infection is hepatitis.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the hepatitis is selected from hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jul 9, 2021
From: CHEN, LIEPING; LUO, LIQUN
To: TAYU HUAXIA BIOTECH MEDICAL GROUP CO., LTD.
Reel/Frame 056803/0338 →
Priority Claims (1)
WO PCT/CN2018/096206 · Jul 19, 2018 · international
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20210261665A1 · Aug 26, 2021
References Cited (183)
US 4444887A · Hoffmann · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4694778A · Learn · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4716111A · Osband · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4816397A · Boss · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4816567A · Cabilly · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4946778A · Ladner et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4980286A · Morgan · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5225539A · Winter · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5258498A · Huston · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5413923A · Kucherlapati · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5530101A · Queen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5545806A · Lonberg · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5565332A · Hoogenboom · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5569825A · Lonberg · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5585089A · Queen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5625126A · Lonberg · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5633425A · Lonberg · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5658570A · Newman · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5661016A · Lonberg · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5693761A · Queen et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5693762A · Queen et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5693780A · Newman · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5756096A · Newman · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5807715A · Morrison · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5814318A · Lonberg · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5892019A · Schlom et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5939598A · Kucherlapati · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6150584A · Kucherlapati · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6190370B1 · Tsui · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6420140B1 · Hori · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6458592B1 · Jakobovits · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 7488802B2 · Collins et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 8735553B1 · Li et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 10465007B2 · Chen · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 11560430B2 · Chen · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20060270045A1 · Cregg · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20150203579A1 · Papadopoulos · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160159905A1 · Abdiche · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170240644A1 · Zhou · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180051085A1 · Chang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190023782A1 · Chen · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190127478A1 · Ekimova et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190144543A1 · Chen · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200115454A1 · Chen et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
CN 102264762A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 104250302A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 104479020A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 104945508A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105026428A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105061597A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105175544A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105566496A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 106008714A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 107922494A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 108203464A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 0239400B1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
EP 0592106B1 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
EP 0519596B1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
EP 3081576A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
EP 3486257A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 198704462A1 · 1987 [cited by applicant]
WO 199109967A1 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO 1991010741A1 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
WO 1996033735A1 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO 1996034096A1 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO 199816654A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199824893A2 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199824893A3 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199846645A2 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199850433A2 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199852976A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO 199850433A3 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 199846645A3 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 200034317A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 200034317A3 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008156712A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010029435A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010036959A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010036959A3 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014179664A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014206107A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014179664A3 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015085847A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015112900A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015119930A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016014688A2 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016014688A3 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016089873A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016197497A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017016497A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017019846A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017024465A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017055547A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017058115A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017201766A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018013017A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018053106A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018133837A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018133842A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
Lin et al. Improved affinity of a chicken single-chain antibody to avian infectious bronchitis virus by site-directed mutagenesis of complementarity-determining region H3. African Jour of Biotech. 2011. 10 (79):18294-18… [cited by examiner]
Dondelinger M, Filée P, Sauvage E, Quinting B, Muyldermans S, Galleni M and Vandevenne MS (2018) Understanding the Significance and Implications of Antibody Numbering and Antigen-Binding Surface/Residue Definition. Fron… [cited by examiner]
Gardiner et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Assessment of BMS-936558, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. PLOS One. 20… [cited by examiner]
Haverkos et al. PD-1 blockade for relapsed lymphoma post-allogeneic hemtopoietic cell transplant: high response rate but frequent GVHD. Blood. 2017. 130(2): 221-8 (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Bu et al. Impairment of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Pathway Increases Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011. 31: 1100-7. (Year: 2011). [cited by examiner]
Cappelli et al. Inflammatory arthritis and sicca syndrome induced by nivolumab and ipilimumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017. 76:43-50. (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Eiglenter et al. Diagnosis, monitoring and management of immune-related adverse drug reactions of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2016. 45: 7-18. (Year: 2016). [cited by examiner]
Garcia et al. Multiple sclerosis outcomes after cancer immunotherapy. Clinical and translational oncology. 2019. 21: 1336-42. (Year: 2019). [cited by examiner]
Scapin et al. Structure of full-length human anti-PD1 therapeutic IgG4 antibody pembrolizumab. 2015. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 22: 953-958. (Year: 2015). [cited by examiner]
Reddy et al. Sarcoidosis following anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy for metastic melanoma. 2017. J Immunother. 40(8):307-311. (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Baruch et al. PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade reduces pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. 2016. Nature Medicine. 22(2): 135-9. (Year: 2016). [cited by examiner]
Daxini et al. Vasculitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors—a systematic review. 2018. Clin Rheumatol. 37: 2579-2584. (Year: 2018). [cited by examiner]
Horita et al. High-resolution crystal structure of the therapeutic antibody pembrolizumab bound to the human PD-1. Sci Rep. Oct. 13, 2016;6:35297. (Year: 2016). [cited by examiner]
Rao et al. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for infectious diseases: learning from the cancer paradigm. Int J Infect Dis. 2017; 56:221-228. (Year: 2017). [cited by examiner]
Le Tourneau et al. Dose escalation methods in phase I cancer clinical trials. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009; 101(10):708-20. (Year: 2009). [cited by examiner]
Arnon, R. et al. (1985). “Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunotargeting of Drugs in Cancer Therapy,” in Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Reisfeld et al. (eds.), pp. 243-256. [cited by applicant]
Bird, R.E. et al. (Oct. 21, 1988). “Single-Chain Antigen-Binding Proteins,” Science 242(4877):423-426. [cited by applicant]
Buchwald, H. et al. (Oct. 1980). “Long-Term, Continuous Intravenous Heparin Administration by an Implantable Infusion Pump in Ambulatory Patients With Recurrent Venous Thrombosis,” Surgery 88:507-516. [cited by applicant]
Chen, L. et al. (2015, e-pub. Sep. 1, 2015). “Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy of Human Cancer: Past, Present, and Future,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 125(9)3384-3391. [cited by applicant]
Chothia, C. et al. (1998). “Structural Determinants in the Sequences of Immunoglobulin Variable Domain,” J. Mol. Biol. 278:457-479. [cited by applicant]
Chothia, C. et al. (Aug. 20, 1987). “Canonical Structures for the Hypervariable Regions of Immunoglobulins,” J. Mol. Biol. 196(4):901-917. [cited by applicant]
Coligan, J.E. et al. (1991). Current Protocols in Immunology, Coligan et al., Eds., Green Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons, New York., 26 pages. [cited by applicant]
Dong, H. et al. (Dec. 1999). “B7-H1, A Third Member of the B7 Family, Co-Stimulates T-Cell Proliferation and Interleukin-10 Secretion,” Nature Med. 5(12):1365-1369. [cited by applicant]
Dong, H. et al. (2002). “Tumor-Associated B7-HI Promotes T-Cell Apoptosis: A Potential Mechanism Of Immune Evasion,” Nature Medicine 8(8):793-800. [cited by applicant]
During, M.J. et al. (Apr. 1989). “Controlled Release of Dopamine From a Polymeric Brain Implant: In Vivo Characterization,” Ann. Neural. 25(4):351-356. [cited by applicant]
D'Angelo, S. et al. (Mar. 2018, e-pub. Mar. 8, 2018). “Many Routes to an Antibody Heavy-Chain CDR3: Necessary, Yet Insufficient, for Specific Binding,” Frontiers in Immunology 9(395):1-13. [cited by applicant]
Endo, Y. et al. (2003). “High-Throughput, Genome-Scale Protein Production Method Based on the Wheat Germ Cell-Free Expression System,” Biotechnol. Adv. 21:695-713. [cited by applicant]
Fumiya, H. et al. (Feb. 1, 2005). “Blockade of B7-H1 and PD-1 by Monoclonal Antibodies Potentiates Cancer Therapeutic Immunity,” Cancer Research 65(3):1089-1096. [cited by applicant]
Gillies, S.D. et al. (Dec. 20, 1989). “High-Level Expression of Chimeric Antibodies Using Adapted cDNA Variable Region Cassettes,” J. Immunol. Methods 125(1-2):191-202. [cited by applicant]
Goodson, J. M. (1984). “Chapter 6: Dental Applications,” in Medical Applications of Controlled Release 2:115-138. [cited by applicant]
Hamers-Casterman, C. et al. (Jun. 3, 1993). “Naturally Occurring Antibodies Devoid of Light Chains,” Nature 363 (6428):446-448. [cited by applicant]
Hellstrom, K.E. et al. (1987). “Antibodies for Drug Delivery,” in Controlled Drug Delivery (2nd Ed.), Robinson et al., (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 623-653. [cited by applicant]
Howard III, M.A. et al. (Jul. 1989). “Intracerebral Drug Delivery in Rats With Lesion-Induced Memory Deficits,” J. Neurosurg. 71(1):105-112. [cited by applicant]
Huston, J.S. et al. (1991). “Protein Engineering of Single-Chain Fv Analogs and Fusion Proteins,” Methods in Enzymology 203:46-88. [cited by applicant]
Huston, J.S. et al. (Aug. 1988). “Protein Engineering of Antibody Binding Sites: Recovery of Specific Activity in an Anti-Digoxin Single-Chain Fv Analogue Produced in [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, issued Jan. 19, 2021, for PCT Application No. PCT/ CN2019/096679, filed Jul. 19, 2019, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, issued Jul. 23, 2019, for PCT Application No. PCT/CN2018/073383, filed Jan. 19, 2018, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report On Patentability, issued Jul. 23, 2019, for PCT Application No. PCT/CN2018/073437, filed Jan. 19, 2018, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed Apr. 13, 2018, for PCT Application No. PCT/CN2018/073383, filed Jan. 19, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written, mailed Oct. 25, 2019, for PCT Application No. PCT/CN2019/096679, filed Jul. 19, 2019, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report, mailed Apr. 23, 2018, for PCT Application No. PCT/CN2018/073437, filed Jan. 19, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Jespers, L.S. et al. (Sep. 12. 1994). “Guiding the Selection of Human Antibodies From Phage Display Repertoires to a Single Epitope of an Antigen,” Bio/Technology 72:898-903. [cited by applicant]
Joliot, A. et al. (Mar. 1991). “Antennapedia Homeobox Peptide Regulates Neural Morphogenesis,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1864-1868. [cited by applicant]
Langer, R. (Sep. 28, 1990). “New Methods Of Drug Delivery,” Science 249(4976):1527-1533. [cited by applicant]
Langer, R. et al. (1983). “Chemical and Physical Structure of Polymers as Carriers for Controlled Release of Bioactive Agents: A Review,” Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 23:61-126. [cited by applicant]
Lefranc, M.-P. et al. (2015, e-pub. Nov. 5, 2014). “IMGT®, The International ImMunoGene Tics Information System® 25 Years On,” Nucleic Acids Res. 43:D413-D422. [cited by applicant]
Levy, R.J. et al. (Apr. 12, 1985). “Inhibition of Calcification of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves by Local Controlled-Release Diphosphonate,” Science 228(4696):190-192. [cited by applicant]
Lonberg, N. et al. (1995, e-pub. Jul. 10, 2009). “Human Antibodies From Transgenic Mice,” Int. Rev. Immunol. 13 (1):65-93. [cited by applicant]
Morrison, S.L. (Sep. 20, 1985). “Transfectomas Provide Novel Chimeric Antibodies,” Science 229 (4719):1202-1207. [cited by applicant]
Morrison, S.L. et al. (Nov. 1984). “Chimeric Human Antibody Molecules: Mouse Antigen-Binding Domains With Human Constant Region Domains,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855. [cited by applicant]
Morrison, S.L. et al. (1988). “Genetically Engineered Antibody Molecules,” Adv. Immunol. 44:65-92. [cited by applicant]
Neuberger, M.S. et al. (Dec. 13, 1984). “Recombinant Antibodies Processing Novel Effector Functions,” Nature 312:604-608. [cited by applicant]
Newman, R. et al. (Nov. 1992). ““Primatization” of Recombinant Antibodies for Immunotherapy of Human Diseases: A Macaque/Human Chimeric Antibody Against Human CD4,” Biotechnology 10(10):1455-1460. [cited by applicant]
NM-005018.2— [cited by applicant]
Non-Final Office Action, mailed May 15, 2019, for U.S. Appl. No. 16/252,418, filed Jan. 18, 2019, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Oi, V.T. et al. (1986). “Chimeric Antibodies,” Bio Techniques 4(3):214-219, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Order, S.E. (1985). “Analysis, Results, and Future Prospective of the Therapeutic Use of Radiolabeled Antibody in Cancer Therapy”, in Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Detection and Therapy, Baldwin et al. (eds.). Academ… [cited by applicant]
Padlan, E.A. (1991). “A Possible Procedure for Reducing the Immunogenicity of Antibody Variable Domains While Preserving Their Ligand-Binding Properties,” Mol. Immunol. 28(4/5):489-498. [cited by applicant]
Padlan, E.A. (Feb. 1994). “Anatomy of the Antibody Molecule,” Molec. Immun. 31(3):169-217. [cited by applicant]
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. (1980). 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed, pp. 1-2, (Table of Contents Only). [cited by applicant]
Riechmann, L. et al. (Mar. 24, 1988). “Reshaping Human Antibodies for Therapy,” Nature 332:323-329. [cited by applicant]
Roguska, M.A. et al. (Feb. 1994). “Humanization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Through Variable Domain Resurfacing.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91(3):969-973. [cited by applicant]
Roux, K.H. et al.(1998). “Comparisons of the Ability of Human IgG3 Hinge Mutants, IgM, IgE, and IgA2, to Form Small Immune Complexes: A Role for Flexibility and Geometry,” J. Immunol. 161:4083-4090. [cited by applicant]
Running Deer, J. et al. (May-Jun. 2004, e-pub. Mar. 10, 2004). “High-Level Expression of Proteins in Mammalian Cells Using Transcription Regulatory Sequences From the Chinese Hamster EF-1Alpha Gene,” Biotechnol. Prog. 2… [cited by applicant]
Sambrook, J. et al. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 3rd ed., 1 page, Table of Contents. [cited by applicant]
Saudek, CD. et al. (Aug. 31, 1989). “A Preliminary Trial of the Programmable Implantable Medication System for Insulin Delivery,” N. Engl. J. Med. 321(9):574-579. [cited by applicant]
Schalper, K.A. et al. (Jan. 1, 2014). “Programmed Deth-1/Programmed Detha-1 Ligand Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Oncology: Current Insights,” Journal of Receptor, Ligand and Channel Research 8:1-7. [cited by applicant]
Sefton, M.V. (1989). “Implantable Pumps,” in CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14(3):201-240. [cited by applicant]
Shu, L. et al. (Sep. 1, 1993). “Secretion of a Single-Gene-Encoded Immunoglobulin From Myeloma Cells,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90(17):7995-7999. [cited by applicant]
Sitaraman, K. et al. (2009). “High-Throughput Protein Expression Using Cell-Free System,” Methods Mol. Biol. 498:229-244. [cited by applicant]
Skerra, A. et al. (May 20, 1988). “Assembly of a Functional Immunoglobulin Fv Fragment in [cited by applicant]
Spirin, A.S. (Oct. 2004). “High-Throughput Cell-Free Systems for Synthesis of Functionally Active Proteins,” Trends Biotechnol. 22(10):538-545. [cited by applicant]
Studnicka, G.M. et al. (Jun. 1994). “Human-Engineered Monoclonal Antibodies Retain Full Specific Binding Activity by Preserving Non-CDR complementarity-Modulating Residues,” Protein Engineering 7(6):805-814. [cited by applicant]
Takeda, S. et al. (Apr. 4-10, 1985). “Construction of Chimaeric Processed Immunoglobulin Genes Containing Mouse Variable and Human Constant Region Sequences,” Nature 314(6010):452-454. [cited by applicant]
Thorpe, P.E. (1985). “Antibody Carriers of Cytotoxic Agents in Cancer Therapy: A Review,” in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological and Clinical Applications, Pinchera et al. (eds.), pp. 475-506. [cited by applicant]
Thorpe, P.E. et al. (1982). “The Preparation and Cytotoxic Properties of Antibody-Toxin Conjugates,” Immunol. Rev. 62:119-158. [cited by applicant]
Treat, J. et al. (1989).“Liposome Encapsulated Doxrubicin Preliminary Results Of Phase I and Phase II Trials,” in Liposomes in the Therapy of Infectious Disease and Cancer, Lopez-Berestein and Fidler (eds.), Liss, New Y… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/154,036, filed Jan. 12, 2023, Chen et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/493,568, filed Oct. 24, 2023, Chen et al. [cited by applicant]
Verhoeyen, M et al. (Mar. 25, 1988). “Reshaping Human Antibodies: Grafting an Antilysozyme Activity,” Science 239:1534-1536. [cited by applicant]
Ward, E.S et al. (Oct. 12, 1989). “Binding Activities of a Repertoire of Single Immunoglobulin Variable Domains Secreted From [cited by applicant]
Wu, G.Y. et al. (Apr. 5, 1987). “Receptor-Mediated in Vitro Gene Transformation by a Soluble DNA Carrier System,” J. Biol. Chem. 262(10):4429-4432. [cited by applicant]
Yao, S. et al. (May 27, 2011). “B7-H2 Is a Costimulatory Ligand for CD28 in Human,” Immunity. 34(5):729-740. [cited by applicant]
Baririan, N. (Jun. 2018). “Monoclonal Antibodies: Clinical Pharmacology Keys,” Applied Clinical Trials, pp. 24-27. [cited by applicant]