(Pyridinylmethyl)butanediamine derivatives that chelate copper
Compounds of formula: are described herein. The compounds selectively complex copper and are therefore useful both abiotically for measuring and detecting small amounts of copper and, in biological systems, for treating diseases associated with inappropriate copper levels, such as Wilson's disease and gastric cancer.
1. A compound of formula:
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are chosen independently from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )oxaalkyl, and (C 1 -C 6 )aminoalkyl, or two adjacent R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 may form a five-, six-, or seven-membered ring, said five-, six-, or seven-membered ring optionally substituted with one or two substituents chosen from halogen, cyano, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )oxaalkyl, and (C 1 -C 6 )aminoalkyl;
A is a polycyclic ring system chosen from one of the following ring systems:
said rings optionally substituted with one or more substituents chosen from halogen, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, oxo, (C 1 -C 6 )oxaalkyl, carboxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxycarbonyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, carboxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, amino, and (C 1 -C 6 )aminoalkyl;
n is zero or one; and
p is one or two;
with the proviso that, when R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are all hydrogen, p is one, and n is zero, the polycyclic ring system A is not a perhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene of formula
attached at the 3-position as shown, in which a substituent at 17 is —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 COOH, —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 3 , —CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH(OSO 3 H)CH(CH 3 ) 2 ,
regardless of the remaining substitutions of the ring.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein p is one and A is
3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein the polycyclic ring system A is a perhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene of formula
substituted with hydroxyl at 6 or 7, in which a substituent at 17 is (C 3 -C 8 )alkyl.
4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein A is a polycyclic ring system chosen from naphthalene, tetralin, decalin, and anthracene.
5. A compound according to claim 4 wherein p is one.
6. A compound according to claim 4 wherein p is two.
7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein A is a polycyclic ring system chosen from quinoline, isoquinoline.
8. A compound according to claim 7 wherein p is one.
9. A compound according to claim 7 wherein p is two.
10. A compound according to claim 1 wherein p is one and A is
wherein dotted lines represent optional double bonds and Q 1 and Q 2 are independently chosen from carbon and nitrogen.
11. A compound according to claim 2 wherein said polycyclic ring system is substituted with one or more substituents chosen from hydroxy, methyl, oxo, amino, (C 1 -C 6 )aminoalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )oxaalkyl, carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, and carboxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
12. A compound according to claim 2 wherein said polycyclic ring system is unsubstituted.
13. A compound according to claim 1 wherein any adjacent pair of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , taken together, form a benzene ring.
14. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are all hydrogen.
15. A compound according to claim 1 wherein n is one.
16. A compound according to claim 1 wherein n is zero.
17. A compound according to claim 1 wherein A is other than quinoline or isoquinoline.
18. A method of chelating copper, comprising contacting a sample containing copper with a compound according to claim 1 , whereby a complex between said compound and copper is formed.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and a compound according to claim 1 .