Tetrahexahedra nanoparticles
Provided herein are methods of preparing tetrahexahedra nanoparticles and methods of using the tetrahexahedra nanoparticles as an oxidative catalyst.
1. A method of preparing tetrahexahedra (“THH”) nanoparticles comprising, heating particles comprising a first metal in the presence of a second metal or metalloid at 500° C. to 1300° C. for about 0.5 hours to about 12 hours to form the THH nanoparticles; wherein the first metal comprises two or more of platinum, palladium, rhodium, nickel, cobalt, gold and copper and the second metal or metalloid comprises Sb, Bi, Pb, Te, or a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the THH nanoparticles comprise high-index facets.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the THH nanoparticles comprise one or more of {210} facets, {310} facets, a vicinal plane thereof or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is bimetallic.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first metal comprises PtNi, PtCo, PtCu, PdPt, PdAu, PdNi, PdCo, PdCu, RhPt, RhCo, RhNi, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , performed in a reactor wherein the second metal or metalloid is oriented upstream of the particles, and carried to the particles via a gas flow.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the gas comprises argon, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprising the first metal are incorporated onto a support.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the support comprises silica, titania, ceria, alumina, zirconia, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, vanadium oxide, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the support is conductive.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the support comprises carbon black, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon fiber, tungsten carbide, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles are formed by decomposition and/or reduction of a salt of the first metal or the particles are formed from a metal alloy of the first metal.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second metal or metalloid is formed by decomposition and/or reduction of a salt of the second metal or metalloid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, or a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first metal comprises platinum.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprising the first metal are non-THH particles.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second metal or metalloid comprises Sb and/or Bi.
18. The method of claim 1 , performed in the absence of an organic ligand.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising catalyzing an oxidation reaction using the THH nanoparticles.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the THH nanoparticles catalyze the oxidation of formic acid to CO and/or CO 2 .
21. A method of preparing tetrahexahedra (“THH”) nanoparticles comprising, heating particles comprising a first metal in the presence of a second metal or metalloid at 500° C. to 1300° C. for about 0.5 hours to about 12 hours to form the THH nanoparticles; wherein the first metal comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, nickel, cobalt, or a combination thereof and the second metal or metalloid comprises Sb, Bi, Pb, Te, or a combination thereof, wherein the method is performed in a reactor wherein the second metal is oriented upstream of the particles, and carried to the particles via a gas flow.
22. A method of preparing tetrahexahedra (“THH”) nanoparticles comprising, heating particles comprising a first metal in the presence of a second metal or metalloid at 500° C. to 1300° C. for about 0.5 hours to about 12 hours to form the THH nanoparticles; wherein the first metal comprises platinum, palladium, rhodium, or a combination thereof and the second metal or metalloid comprises Sb, Bi, Pb, Te, or a combination thereof.