Nozzle for steam injection and steam choking
A nozzle for controlling the flow of fluids into and/or out of a hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir comprises a fluid passage extending between first and second openings. The passage comprises a flow adjusting region for increasing the velocity of fluids injected into the reservoir and for choking steam produced from the reservoir.
1. A nozzle for controlling flow into and/or out of a pipe, the pipe having at least one port along a length of the pipe, the nozzle being adapted to be located on the exterior of the pipe and in fluid communication with one of the at least one port, the nozzle comprising:
a body having first and second ends, a first opening, comprising the first end, a second opening, comprising the second end, and a fluid conveying passage having a longitudinal axis and extending between the first and second openings, the fluid conveying passage being adapted to convey fluid from the first opening to the second opening and from the second opening to the first opening;
the first opening being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fluid conveying passage and having a diameter d 1 , and the second opening being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fluid conveying passage and having a diameter d 4 ;
wherein, in a first direction extending from the first opening to the second opening, the passageway comprises:
a converging region adjacent to and downstream of the first opening, the converging region having a decreasing cross-sectional area extending in the first direction;
a throat downstream of the converging region, the throat having a diameter d 2 ;
a first diverging region downstream of the throat, the first diverging region having an increasing cross-sectional area extending in the first direction;
a region of generally constant cross-sectional area downstream of the first diverging region, the region of generally constant cross-sectional area having a diameter d 3 ;
a second diverging region downstream of the region of generally constant cross-sectional area, the second diverging region adjacent to the second opening.
2. The nozzle of claim 1 , wherein the diameters d 1 , d 2 , d 3 and d 4 have the relationship d 2 <d 3 <d 1 <d 4 .
3. An apparatus for controlling flow of fluid into or out of a subterranean reservoir, the apparatus comprising:
a pipe having at least one port along a length of the pipe;
at least one nozzle adapted to be located on the exterior of the pipe and in fluid communication with one of the at least one port; and,
at least one retainer for retaining the at least one nozzle on the pipe;
wherein the nozzle comprises:
a body having first and second ends, a first opening, comprising the first end, a second opening, comprising the second end, and a fluid conveying passage having a longitudinal axis and extending between the first and second openings, the fluid conveying passage being adapted to convey fluid from the first opening to the second opening and from the second opening to the first opening;
the first opening being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fluid conveying passage and having a diameter d 1 and the second opening being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fluid conveying passage and having a diameter d 4 ;
wherein, in a first direction extending from the first opening to the second opening, the passageway comprises:
a converging region adjacent to and downstream of the first opening, the converging region having a decreasing cross-sectional area extending in the first direction;
a throat downstream of the converging region, the throat having a diameter d 2 ;
a first diverging region downstream of the throat, the first diverging region having an increasing cross-sectional area extending in the first direction;
a region of generally constant cross-sectional area downstream of the first diverging region, the region of generally constant cross-sectional area having a diameter d 3 ;
a second diverging region downstream of the region of generally constant cross-sectional area, the second diverging region adjacent to the second opening.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the diameters d 1 , d 2 , d 3 and d 4 of the nozzle have the relationship d 2 <d 3 <d 1 <d 4 .
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a screen over the pipe.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a screen over the pipe.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the retainer retains at least a portion of the screen on the pipe.