Rivet insertion method and apparatus
A method of inserting a rivet into a workpiece using a rivet insertion apparatus, the method comprising, during a first rivet insertion step, using a punch and die to drive the rivet into the workpiece such that a slug of workpiece material is removed from the workpiece and travels into a bore provided in the die, modifying or changing the die to provide a rivet receiving die surface, then during a second rivet insertion step, using the punch to drive the rivet further into the workpiece such that a shank of the rivet is upset by the rivet receiving die surface.
1. A method of inserting a rivet into a workpiece using a rivet insertion apparatus, the method comprising:
during a first rivet insertion step, using a punch and die to drive the rivet into the workpiece such that a slug of workpiece material is removed from the workpiece and travels into a bore provided in the die;
modifying or changing the die to provide a rivet receiving die surface; then
during a second rivet insertion step, using the punch to drive the rivet further into the workpiece such that a shank of the rivet is upset by the rivet receiving die surface,
wherein a bottom end of the shank of the rivet is flush with a lowermost surface of the workpiece before the second rivet insertion step.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is clamped to a die assembly by a nose of the rivet insertion apparatus throughout insertion of the rivet.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein changing the die comprises removing the die provided with the bore and replacing it with a die having the rivet receiving die surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying the die comprises removing an inner portion of the die and replacing it with a die inner portion which includes the rivet receiving die surface.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rivet includes a feature partway along the shank of the rivet which increases engagement between the rivet and the workpiece such that force required to push the rivet into the workpiece increases when the feature comes into contact with the workpiece.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rivet insertion apparatus receives feedback indicating the position of the rivet, and stops applying force when the first rivet insertion step has inserted the rivet to a desired position.
7. A rivet insertion apparatus configured to perform the method of claim 1 , wherein the rivet insertion apparatus includes a punch and die and an electric motor controlled by and using a feedback loop to apply a force to a rivet, wherein modifying or changing the die includes using a die changing apparatus to swap between a die which includes a bore and a die which has a rivet receiving surface, or includes using a die modifying apparatus to swap a die inner portion which comprises a die bore with a die inner portion which comprises a die receiving surface.
8. The rivet insertion apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the die changing apparatus comprises two dies held on pivoting supports which allow one die or the other die to be moved into a rivet receiving position in the die assembly.
9. The rivet insertion apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the die modifying apparatus comprises an axially moveable rod within which the die bore is provided, and further comprises a removable die piece which comprises the rivet receiving surface, the removable die piece being movable to and from a position at one end of the axially moveable rod.
10. The rivet insertion apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the die assembly comprises a lock which is configured to hold the die or die inner portion in position.
11. The rivet insertion apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the die assembly further comprises an electric actuator or pneumatic actuator configured to move the dies or the die inner portions.
12. A vehicle comprising a riveted joint formed using the rivet insertion apparatus of claim 7 .