Method and device for matching the voltage of the smoothing capacitor of a DC/DC converter before a high-voltage battery is connected
The invention relates to a method and to a device for operating a bidirectional voltage transformer connectable to a primary battery and having a primary-side smoothing capacitor, an inductive transformer, and a secondary-side clamping capacitor, wherein, before the primary battery is connected, a voltage at the primary-side smoothing capacitor is matched to a voltage of the primary battery by a cyclical transfer of charge from the secondary-side clamping capacitor. The voltage of the primary-side smoothing capacitor is matchable in this way to the voltage of the primary battery before the primary battery is connected, and current spikes thus avoided during connection of the primary battery.
1. A method of operating a bidirectional voltage transformer connectable to a primary battery, the bidirectional voltage transformer comprising a primary-side smoothing capacitor, an inductive transformer, and a secondary-side clamping capacitor, wherein the inductive transformer has a primary winding and a split secondary winding with a leakage inductance,
a first terminal of the primary winding is connectable to a negative primary voltage terminal via a first switch and to a positive primary voltage terminal via a second switch,
a second terminal of the primary winding is connectable to the negative primary voltage terminal via a third switch and to the positive primary voltage terminal via a fourth switch,
the two end terminals of the secondary winding are connectable to a negative secondary voltage terminal via a fifth and a sixth switch,
the two end terminals of the secondary winding are also connectable to the clamping capacitor via a seventh and an eighth switch,
a center terminal of the split secondary winding is connected to a positive secondary voltage terminal via a smoothing inductor on a secondary side, and
the secondary voltage terminals are connected to a secondary battery, wherein the method comprises:
before the primary battery is connected, matching a voltage at the primary-side smoothing capacitor to a voltage of the primary battery by a cyclical transfer of charge from the clamping capacitor; and
carrying out in cycles following operations:
during a first period of time, making the seventh and sixth switches conductive, such that a discharge current of the clamping capacitor flowing through the secondary coil generates a charging current of the smoothing capacitor via the second and third switches on a primary side, wherein a duration of the first period corresponds to half an oscillation period (π) of a series resonance of the clamping capacitor and the leakage inductance;
during a second period, making the seventh and eighth switches conductive, such that the clamping capacitor is charged by the positive secondary voltage terminal via the smoothing inductor of the secondary battery;
during a third period, making the first and fourth switches and the fifth and eighth switches conductive, such that a discharge current of the clamping capacitor flowing through the secondary coil generates a charging current of the smoothing capacitor on the primary side; and
during a fourth time period, making the switch positions correspond to those of the second period.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises determining a length of charge cycles as half a period of a series resonance of the clamping capacitor with a leakage inductance.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises ending a charging process of the smoothing capacitor when a voltage difference between the smoothing capacitor and the primary battery falls below a threshold value.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a duration of the third time period corresponds to a duration of the first time period.
5. A device comprising:
a bidirectional voltage transformer connectable to a primary battery, the bidirectional voltage transformer comprising a primary-side smoothing capacitor, an inductive transformer, and a secondary-side clamping capacitor, wherein the inductive transformer has a primary winding and a split secondary winding with a leakage inductance,
a first terminal of the primary winding is connectable to a negative primary voltage terminal via a first switch and to a positive primary voltage terminal via a second switch,
a second terminal of the primary winding is connectable to the negative primary voltage terminal via a third switch and to the positive primary voltage terminal via a fourth switch,
the two end terminals of the secondary winding are connectable to a negative secondary voltage terminal via a fifth and a sixth switch,
the two end terminals of the secondary winding are also connectable to the clamping capacitor via a seventh and an eighth switch,
a center terminal of the split secondary winding is connected to a positive secondary voltage terminal via a smoothing inductor on a secondary side, and
the secondary voltage terminals are connected to a secondary battery;
a relay switch configured to connect the primary battery; and
a control unit configured to control the relay switch and a plurality of switches in the bidirectional voltage transformer such that before the primary battery is connected, a voltage at the primary-side smoothing capacitor is matched to a voltage of the primary battery by a cyclical transfer of charge from the clamping capacitor, wherein the control unit is configured to carry out in cycles following operations:
during a first period of time, making the seventh and sixth switches conductive, such that a discharge current of the clamping capacitor flowing through the secondary coil generates a charging current of the smoothing capacitor via the second and third switches on a primary side, wherein a duration of the first period corresponds to half an oscillation period (π) of a series resonance of the clamping capacitor and the leakage inductance;
during a second period, making the seventh and eighth switches conductive, such that the clamping capacitor is charged by the positive secondary voltage terminal via the smoothing inductor of the secondary battery;
during a third period, making the first and fourth switches and the fifth and eighth switches conductive, such that a discharge current of the clamping capacitor flowing through the secondary coil generates a charging current of the smoothing capacitor on the primary side; and
during a fourth time period, making the switch positions correspond to those of the second period.
6. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the plurality of switches is designed as a plurality of MOSFET switches with body diodes.
7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the control unit is configured to block a combination of two MOSFET switches selected from the plurality of MOSFET switches, causing the MOSFET switches that are blocked to act as body diodes.
8. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the device comprises a matching inductor connected in series with a primary winding of the bidirectional voltage transformer.
9. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the control unit is configured to determine a length of charge cycles as half a period of a series resonance of the clamping capacitor with a leakage inductance.
10. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the control unit is configured to end a charging process of the smoothing capacitor when a voltage difference between the smoothing capacitor and the primary battery falls below a threshold value.
11. The device according to claim 5 , wherein a duration of the third time period corresponds to a duration of the first time period.