DEVICES AND METHODS TO COMBINE NEURONS WITH SILICON DEVICES

1 . A device housing comprising:

a) a shell component, wherein the shell component comprises:

i) a structure comprising a sigmoidal shape that is rotationally symmetric about a single axis;

ii) two or more air inlets positioned concentrically around the single axis;

iii) two or more air outlets positioned concentrically around the single axis; and

b) a baseplate component;

wherein the sigmoidal shape of the shell component and positions of the two or more air inlets and two or more air outlets are configured to prolong a dwell time of molecules or particles transported into an interior of the device housing by a flow of air.

2 . The device housing of claim 1 , wherein the baseplate component further comprises an attachment structure.

3 . The device housing of claim 2 , wherein the attachment structure comprises a permanent adhesive, a non-permanent adhesive, a Velcro component, a magnetic component, a hook, a wearable attachment, or any combination thereof.

4 . The device housing of claim 1 , wherein the shell component is an injection-molded or three-dimensional printed part.

5 . The device housing of claim 1 , wherein the shell component is fabricated from a polymer, a glass, a metal, a ceramic, or any combination thereof.

6 . A device for detection of compounds, the device comprising:

a) a device housing;

b) a microfluidics layer comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, one or more fluid chambers, and a semipermeable membrane configured to promote gas exchange between air within the device housing and the one or more fluid chambers, wherein the one or more fluid chambers are configured to support neurons that have been genetically- engineered to express one or more odorant receptors;

c) a structured microelectrode array (MEA) comprising a plurality of electrodes configured to provide electrical stimuli to, or record electrical signals generated by, the neurons in the one or more fluid chambers.

7 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the device housing comprises:

a) a shell component, wherein the shell component comprises:

i) a structure comprising a sigmoidal shape that is rotationally symmetric about a single axis;

ii) two or more air inlets positioned concentrically around the single axis;

iii) two or more air outlets positioned concentrically around the single axis; and

b) a baseplate component;

wherein the sigmoidal shape of the shell component and positions of the two or more air inlets and two or more air outlets are configured to prolong a dwell time of compounds transported into an interior of the device housing by a flow of air.

8 . The device of claim 6 , further comprising a pre-concentrator module configured to concentrate compounds from air and maximize a dwell time of the compounds at a surface of the semipermeable membrane.

9 . The device of claim 8 , wherein the pre-concentrator module comprises:

a) a fan configured to draw air into the device;

b) a high efficiency particulate absorber (HEPA) filter configured to remove contaminant particles from the air drawn into the device; and

c) an air director configured to concentrate and direct the flow of air towards the surface of the semi-permeable membrane.

10 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the neurons have been genetically-engineered to respond to photo-stimulation, and wherein the device further comprises an light-emitting diode (LED) array configured to stimulate the neurons in the one or more fluid chambers.

11 . The device of claim 6 , further comprising growth medium and waste cartridges so that the device is self-contained and configured to function without maintenance for a specified period of time.

12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the device is configured to function without maintenance for at least 1 week.

13 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the device is configured to function without maintenance for at least 1 month.

14 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the device is configured to function without maintenance for at least 3 months.

15 . The device of claim 6 , further comprising a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or processor configured to perform signal processing of electrical signals recorded by the electrodes of the MEA.

16 . The device of claim 6 , further comprising a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or processor configured to perform electrical stimulation of the neurons in the one or more fluid chambers using the electrodes of the MEA.

17 . The device of claim 10 , further comprising a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or processor configured to activate one or more LEDs of the LED array to stimulate the neurons in the one or more fluid chambers, and to perform signal processing of electrical signals recorded by the electrodes of the MEA, thereby providing a test of neuron response.

18 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the baseplate component comprises an attachment structure configured to attach the device to an internal or external wall, an internal or external floor, a ceiling of a room, or a roof of a building.

19 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the baseplate component comprises an attachment structure configured to attach the device to a bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, plane, helicopter, robot, drone, or other manned or unmanned aerial vehicle.

20 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the baseplate component comprises an attachment structure configured to permit the device to be worn by an animal or a human.

21 - 30 . (canceled)