Polarization imaging system

1. A polarization imaging image-pickup system generating a polarization image of an imaging object, comprising:

an image-pickup unit array that includes a plurality of image-pickup units arranged two-dimensionally, wherein the image-pickup units each comprise:

one wavefront control element that includes a plurality of microscopic structures; and

a pixel array that is arranged so as to face the wavefront control element, and includes a plurality of pixels that are associated with the wavefront control element and are two-dimensionally arranged, and

light from an imaging object is spatially separated by the one wavefront control element into first polarized light, and a second polarized light that is in a direction orthogonal to the first polarized light or has a rotation direction opposite to a rotation direction of the first polarized light, the first polarized light is collected at a first collection position on the pixel array, and the second polarized light is collected at a second collection position on the pixel array.

2. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 1 ,

wherein the wavefront control element has two regions bounded by a line intersection that includes a perpendicular bisector of a line segment connecting the first collection position and the second collection position on the pixel array, and intersects with a plane perpendicular to the pixel array, and

has first sections that are on the wavefront control element and are of first microscopic structures arranged in one of the regions, and second sections that are on the wavefront control element and are of second microscopic structures that are arranged in the other region and correspond to the respective first microscopic structures, and

positions of the first sections and positions of the second sections are apart by identical distances from the line intersection, on a plane of the wavefront control element, and

the first sections have shapes obtained by rotating shapes of the second sections by 90° horizontally with respect to the plane of the wavefront control element.

3. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 ,

wherein the image-pickup unit array includes a first wavefront control element and a second wavefront control element included in each of the adjoining image-pickup units,

a direction of the first polarized light spatially separated from the light from the imaging object by the first wavefront control element is different from a direction of the first polarized light spatially separated from the light from the imaging object by the second wavefront control element, and

the image-pickup unit array generates the polarization images twice as many as the number of image-pickup units that are included in the image-pickup unit array and have polarization directions different from each other.

4. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 ,

wherein the wavefront control element includes the microscopic structures on a plane facing the pixel array, and

the microscopic structures have an identical height from the plane of the wavefront control element.

5. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 ,

wherein the image-pickup unit array further includes a barrier that shields the first polarized light and the second polarized light, between the adjoining image-pickup units, and

the barrier is arranged between the wavefront control element and the pixel array, and is provided so as to be substantially perpendicular to the plane of the wavefront control element and a plane of the pixel array.

6. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 ,

wherein the image-pickup unit array further includes a polarization filter array that includes a first polarized filter, and a second polarization filter,

the first polarized light is collected at the first collection position, through the first polarized filter that passes only a polarization direction of the first polarized light, and

the second polarized light is collected at the second collection position, through the second polarized filter that passes only a polarization direction of the second polarized light.

7. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 ,

wherein the image-pickup unit array includes a color filter array that includes one or more color filters,

the color filter passes only a predetermined wavelength region of the light from the imaging object or the first polarized light and the second polarized light, and

the color filters are arranged such that one of the color filters corresponds to one of the image-pickup unit.

8. The polarization imaging image-pickup system according to claim 2 , wherein in the pixel array, based on a first polarization image generated based on the first polarized light, or on a second polarization image generated based on the second polarized light, two-dimensional information on at least a light intensity, a polarization direction, and a polarization degree of the light from the imaging object is obtained.