UNIVERSAL ODOR CODE SYSTEMS AND ODOR ENCODING DEVICES
A universal odor code system encodes an olfactory stimulus into olfactory receptor space as quantitative measures of responses by olfactory receptors, producing an odor code profile. A mapping function maps an odor code profile into a formula of elements that approximates or recreates an odor code profile of a target olfactory stimulus.
1 . A method for encoding an olfactory stimulus, comprising:
a) contacting the olfactory stimulus with an artificial array comprising one or more chambers, wherein the one or more chambers comprise one or more cells expressing one or more cell-surface receptors, wherein the one or more cell-surface receptors generate one or more signals in response to a binding event between the olfactory stimulus and the one or more cell-surface receptors;
b) recording an intensity of one or more signals of one of the cells; and c) encoding the olfactory stimulus by creating a reference signal, wherein the reference signal comprises the intensity of the one or more signals.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cells are neurons.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the neurons are human neurons.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cells are modified to express the one or more cell-surface receptors.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more cells are genetically modified to express the one or more cell-surface receptors.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more cell-surface receptors is an odorant receptor.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more cells expresses one odorant receptor.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the one or more cells expresses a plurality of odorant receptors.
9 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the odorant receptors comprise OR1A1, MOR106-1, OR51E1, OR10J5, OR51E2, MOR9-1, MOR18-1, MOR272-1, MOR31-1, MOR136-1; any fragment thereof, or any combination thereof.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more signals are electrical signals, optical signals, or a combination thereof.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more signals are electrical signals comprising an action potential.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more signals are electrical signals comprising an excited signal that is below a threshold for an action potential.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more signals are electrical signals comprising a cell membrane depolarization.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of one or more signals is detected by a detector.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the intensity of one or more signals is proportional of the amount of the olfactory stimulus.
16 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying one or more attributes of the olfactory stimulus and the reference signal to a machine learning algorithm.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the machine learning algorithm comprises Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), or any combination thereof.
18 . A method for replicating an olfactory stimulus, comprising:
a) contacting the olfactory stimulus with an artificial array comprising one or more chambers, wherein the one or more chambers comprise one or more cells expressing one or more cell-surface receptors, wherein the one or more cell-surface receptors generate one or more signals in response to a binding event between the olfactory stimulus and the one or more cell-surface receptors;
b) recording an intensity of one or more signals of one of the cells;
c) encoding the olfactory stimulus by creating a target signal, wherein the target signal comprises the intensity of the one or more signals; and
d) replicating the target signal of the olfactory stimulus by mixing two or more reference olfactory stimuli, each of which has a reference signal, wherein the reference signals of the two or more reference olfactory stimuli have a combined signal that is similar to the target signal.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the one or more cells are neurons.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the neurons are human neurons.
21 - 143 . (canceled)