Multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent, method for preparing the same and use thereof

1. A multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent, consisting of 30-60 wt % of a macromolecule with multitype-adsorptive groups and water, wherein the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups has a polyethylene glycol side chain and a polymer backbone, wherein adsorption groups of the polymer backbone comprise a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group and a phosphonic acid group, and the phosphonic acid group is linked to the backbone of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups by nucleophilic addition,

wherein a molecular structure of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups has following polymer chain segments:

(1) a polymer chain segment comprising at least one structural unit 1 represented by Formula 1:

wherein M 1 is H or Na;

(2) a polymer chain segment comprising at least one structural unit 2 represented by Formula 2:

wherein M 2 is H or Na;

(3) a polymer chain segment comprising at least one structural unit 4 represented by Formula 4:

wherein M 4 is H or Na; and

(4) a polymer chain segment comprising at least one structural unit 5 represented by Formula 5:

wherein R 1 is H or methyl, Y is a C 1 -C 4 saturated alkylene group or a C 2 ˜C 5 saturated linear alkyleneoxy group (—O—C 2 ˜C 5 —), and P is a number from 15 to 55.

2. The multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent according to claim 1 , wherein a molecular weight of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups ranges from 20.0 kDa to 35.0 kDa.

3. The multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular structure of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups has a following polymer chain segment comprising a structural unit 3 represented by Formula 3:

wherein M 3 is H or Na.

4. The multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent according to claim 3 , wherein, in every 100 parts by mass of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups, a mass ratio of the structural units 1 to 5 is 6-14:2.5-4.5:0-6:16-36:45-75; and in a polymer chain of the macromolecule with the multitype-adsorptive groups, respective structural units are randomly distributed.

5. A method for preparing the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent according to claim 1 , the method comprising: preparing an water-reducing agent intermediate containing a cyano group and a sulfonic group by free radical copolymerization with acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and unsaturated polyethylene glycol as raw materials; and performing nucleophilic addition of the cyano group in a molecule of the intermediate and phosphorous acid under catalysis of the sulfonic acid group in the molecule to obtain the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent.

6. The method according to claim 5 , comprising following specific preparation process steps:

(1) adding water to 70-85 parts by mass of unsaturated polyethylene glycol E to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 40-60%; adding an initiator N into the solution, stirring uniformly to obtain a solution I, and then dropwise adding a monomer mixture II and a solution III containing a reductant and a chain transfer agent into the solution I simultaneously at a constant speed at a temperature of 30-60° C., with an addition time for the monomer mixture II being 1-4 hours and an addition time for the solution III being 1.25-5 hours, which is 15-60 min longer then the addition time for the monomer mixture II; after additions, vacuum dehydrating an obtained crude product solution IV at 100° C., cooling, and pulverizing an obtained solid into particles with a diameter smaller than or equal to 0.5 cm to obtain an intermediate V, wherein the monomer mixture II is a mixture of following four types of substances: (1) acrylic acid; (2) 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; (3) maleic anhydride; and (4) acrylonitrile; and

(2) taking 80 parts of the intermediate V, adding phosphorous acid, uniformly mixing, heating to 110-150° C., reacting for 8-24 hours, discharging, and adding water to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 30-60%, during which process sodium hydroxide is added to neutralize a product to obtain the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent.

7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein, in the step (1), the unsaturated polyethylene glycol E has a structure as follows:

wherein definitions or value ranges of R 1 , Y, and p are the same as those in the structural unit 5 represented by Formula 5;

in the step (1), the initiator N is a water-soluble oxidative free radical polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts of persulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, with a molar amount of 1.5%-3.0% of a total molar amount of all monomers in the reaction;

in the monomer mixture II, mass ranges of the (1)-(4) monomers are 7-15 parts by mass, 3-5 parts by mass, 0-6 parts by mass and 5-10 parts by mass, respectively;

the reductant is a reductant which is reactable with the initiator N in a redox reaction that generates free radicals and is selected from the group consisting of sodium bisulfite, formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate and ascorbic acid; and a molar amount of the reductant is ½-⅛ of a molar amount of the initiator;

the chain transfer agent is a C 2 -C 6 water-soluble sulfhydryl compound selected from the group consisting of mercaptoethanol, mercaptopropionic acid and mercaptoacetic acid, and a dosage amount of the chain transfer agent is 1.5-2.5% of a total molar amount of all monomers in the unsaturated polyethylene glycol macromonomer and the monomer mixture II.

8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein, in the step (2), a molar amount of phosphorous acid is 2.0-2.5 times a molar amount of acrylonitrile in the step (1).

9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein in the step (2), sodium hydroxide is added in a form of a solid or an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of more than 20%, and a molar amount of sodium hydroxide is 30-100% of a total molar amount of acidic hydrogen in all acidic reactants.

10. The method of using the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent according to claim 1 , comprising adding the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent as a water-reducing agent in portland cement concretes, wherein a solid dosage of the multitype-adsorptive-group polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent is 0.06 to 0.15% of a mass of a cementitious material.