Optical film
An optical film including a plurality of alternating first and second layers disposed on a skin layer is described. The skin layer has an average thickness greater than about 2 microns. A transmittance of the film for substantially normally incident light includes a band edge separating first and second wavelength ranges, where each range is at least 250 nm wide. A reflectance of the film is greater than about 95% for each wavelength in the first wavelength range; an average transmittance of the film is greater than about 80% in the second wavelength range; and a difference between maximum and minimum values of the optical transmittance of the film in the second wavelength range is less than about 30%. The band edge may have a slope that is greater than about 2%/nm. The transmittance may increase monotonically at least from about 10% to about 70% with increasing wavelength.
1. An optical film comprising a plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers disposed on a skin layer, each of the first and second layers having an average thickness less than about 250 nm, the skin layer having an average thickness greater than about 2 microns, an optical transmittance of the optical film for substantially normally incident light comprising a band edge separating first and second wavelength ranges, the first wavelength range extending at least from about 400 nm to about 700 nm, the second wavelength range extending at least from about 950 nm to about 1300 nm, such that for substantially normally incident light in air:
an optical reflectance of the optical film is greater than about 95% for each wavelength in the first wavelength range;
an average optical transmittance of the optical film is greater than about 80% in the second wavelength range; and
a difference between maximum and minimum values of the optical transmittance of the optical film in the second wavelength range is less than about 25%; and
a best linear fit to the band edge correlating the optical transmittance to wavelength at least across a wavelength range where the optical transmittance increases from about 10% to about 70% has a slope that is greater than about 2%/nm, wherein the first and second layers and the skin layer are formed integrally with one another,
wherein in planes of the first and second layers, the first and second layers having respective indices of refraction: n1x and n2x along a first polarization state, n1y and n2y along a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state, and n1z and n2z along a z-axis orthogonal to the first and second polarization states, such that for at least one wavelength in at least one of the first and second wavelength ranges:
each of n1x and n1y is greater than n1z by at least 0.2;
a difference between n1x and n1y is less than about 0.04;
a maximum difference between n2x, n2y and n2z is less than about 0.01; and
a difference between n1x and n2x is greater than about 0.2.
2. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the optical transmittance of the optical film for substantially normally incident light increases monotonically at least from about 10% to about 70% with increasing wavelength.
3. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the slope of the best linear fit is greater than about 3%/nm.
4. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein a pair of adjacent first and second layers in the plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers has a maximum optical thickness, the plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers comprising at least 20 disjoint layer pairs having an optical thickness within about 20 nm of the maximum optical thickness.
5. An optical film comprising a plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers numbering between 50 and 800, each first and second layer having an average thickness less than about 500 nm, an optical transmittance of the optical film for substantially normally incident light comprising a band edge region separating first and second wavelength ranges, each range at least 250 nm wide, a difference between maximum and minimum values of the optical transmittance of the optical film in each wavelength range less than about 30%, in planes of the first and second layers, the first and second layers having respective indices of refraction: n1x and n2x along a first polarization state, n1y and n2y along a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state, and n1z and n2z along a z-axis orthogonal to the first and second polarization states, such that for at least one wavelength in at least one of the first and second wavelength ranges:
each of n1x and n1y is greater than n1z by at least 0.2;
a difference between n1x and nly is less than about 0.04;
a maximum difference between n2x, n2y and n2z is less than about 0.01; and
a difference between n1x and n2x is greater than about 0.2,
wherein the optical transmittance of the optical film for substantially normally incident light within the band edge region increases monotonically at least from about 10% to about 70% with increasing wavelength.
6. The optical film of claim 5 , wherein a best linear fit to the band edge correlating the optical transmittance to wavelength at least across a wavelength range where the optical transmittance increases from about 10% to about 70% has a slope that is greater than about 2%/nm.
7. The optical film of claim 5 , wherein the first wavelength range extends at least from about 400 nm to about 700 nm, and the second wavelength range extends at least from about 950 nm to about 1300 nm.
8. The optical film of claim 5 , wherein the difference between maximum and minimum values of the optical transmittance of the optical film in each wavelength range less than about 25%.
9. The optical film of claim 5 , wherein each first and second layer has an average thickness less than about 250 nm.
10. The optical film of claim 5 , wherein a pair of adjacent first and second layers in the plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers has a maximum optical thickness, the plurality of alternating polymeric first and second layers comprising at least 20 disjoint layer pairs having an optical thickness within about 20 nm of the maximum optical thickness.