Membranes for gas separation
Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described herein. The membranes can comprise a support layer, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer. The selective polymer layer can comprise a selective polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes dispersed within the selective polymer matrix. The carbon nanotubes can comprise multi-walled carbon nanotubes wrapped in a hydrophilic polymer, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer thereof, such as poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate). The membranes can exhibit selective permeability to gases. As such, the membranes can be for the selective removal of carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide from hydrogen and/or nitrogen.
1. A membrane comprising:
a support layer; and
a selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer;
wherein the selective polymer layer comprises a selective polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes dispersed within the selective polymer matrix,
wherein the selective polymer matrix comprises an amine-containing polymer and a mobile carrier comprising 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine-sarcosine salt (PZEA-Sar) and 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine-aminoisobutyric acid (PZEA-AIBA); and
wherein the carbon nanotubes are wrapped in a hydrophilic polymer.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the selective polymer matrix has a CO 2 :N 2 selectivity of from 10 to 500 at 57° C. and 1 atm feed pressure.
3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the amine-containing polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylamine, polyallylamine, polyethyleneimine, poly-N-isopropylallylamine, poly-N-tert-butylallylamine, poly-N-1,2-dimethylpropylallylamine, poly-N-methylallylamine, poly-N,N-dimethylallylamine, poly-2-vinylpiperidine, poly-4-vinylpiperidine, polyaminostyrene, chitosan, copolymers, and blends thereof.
4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamine, a polyamine, polysiloxane, copolymers thereof, and blends thereof.
5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the selective polymer matrix further comprises a cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, maleic anhydride, glyoxal, divinylsulfone, toluenediisocyanate, trimethylol melamine, terephthalatealdehyde, epichlorohydrin, vinyl acrylate, and combinations thereof.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise single-walled carbon nanotubes or multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
7. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the selective polymer layer comprises from 0.5% to 5% by weight carbon nanotubes, based on the total dry weight of the selective polymer layer.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes have an average diameter of from 10 nm to 50 nm.
9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes have an average length of from 50 nm to 20 μm.
10. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise sidewall functionalized carbon nanotubes.
11. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the support layer comprises a gas permeable polymer.
12. The membrane of claim 11 , wherein the gas permeable polymer comprises a polymer chosen from polyamides, polyimides, polypyrrolones, polyesters, sulfone-based polymers, nitrile-based polymers, polymeric organosilicones, fluorinated polymers, polyolefins, copolymers thereof, and blends thereof.
13. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the support layer comprises a gas permeable polymer disposed on a base.
14. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane further comprises a permeable layer disposed between the support layer and the selective polymer layer.
15. A method for separating a first gas from a feed gas stream, the method comprising contacting a membrane defined by claim 1 with the feed gas stream comprising the first gas under conditions effective to afford transmembrane permeation of the first gas.
16. A method of making a membrane comprising depositing a selective polymer layer on a support layer, the selective polymer layer comprising a selective polymer matrix and carbon nanotubes dispersed within the selective polymer matrix,
wherein the selective polymer matrix comprises an amine-containing polymer and a mobile carrier comprising 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine-sarcosine salt (PZEA-Sar) and 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine-aminoisobutyric acid (PZEA-AIBA); and
wherein the carbon nanotubes are wrapped in a hydrophilic polymer.
17. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyallylamine, polyvinyl amine, polyethylenimine, copolymers thereof, and blends thereof.
18. The membrane of claim 10 , wherein the sidewall functionalized carbon nanotubes comprise hydroxy-functionalized carbon nanotubes, carboxy-functionalized carbon nanotubes, amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes, or a combination thereof.
19. The membrane of claim 13 , wherein the base comprises a non-woven fabric.