RF power amplifier with balun transformer
View Patent ↗A radiofrequency power amplifier includes a balun transformer and a plurality of power transistor pairs arranged in a push-pull configuration. The balun transformer has an unbalanced coil extending between a first single-ended signal terminal and a first reference, and a balanced coil extending between a first balanced signal terminal and a second balanced signal terminal. The balun transformer also includes an auxiliary coil electrically isolated from the unbalanced coil and the balanced coil. The auxiliary coil is inductively coupled to the unbalanced coil and extends between a third balanced signal terminal and a fourth balanced signal terminal forming a balanced combiner-divider. An output of a first one of the power transistor pairs is coupled to the first and second balanced signal terminals and an output of a second one of the power transistor pairs is coupled to the third and fourth balanced signal terminals.
1. A radiofrequency power amplifier, comprising:
a first balun transformer and a plurality of power transistor pairs, each of the plurality of power transistor pairs arranged in a push-pull configuration;
wherein the first balun transformer comprises an unbalanced coil extending between a first single-ended signal terminal and a first reference port and a balanced coil extending between a first balanced signal terminal and a second balanced signal terminal;
wherein the unbalanced coil and the balanced coil are inductively coupled and electrically isolated from each other;
wherein the first balun transformer further comprises at least one auxiliary coil electrically isolated from the unbalanced coil and the balanced coil;
wherein the at least one auxiliary coil is inductively coupled to the unbalanced coil and extends between a third balanced signal terminal and a fourth balanced signal terminal forming a balanced combiner;
wherein an output of a first one of the plurality of power transistor pairs is coupled to the first and second balanced signal terminals; and
wherein an output of a second one of the plurality of power transistor pairs is coupled to the third and fourth balanced signal terminals.
2. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the balanced coil, the unbalanced coil and the auxiliary coil are arranged in a plurality of spaced apart parallel planes.
3. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 2 , wherein the auxiliary coil is arranged in a same one of the plurality of spaced apart parallel planes as the balanced coil.
4. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spaced apart parallel planes form layers of a printed circuit board.
5. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 4 , wherein the balanced coil, the unbalanced coil and the auxiliary coil are formed by conductive traces in the layers of the printed circuit board.
6. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first balanced signal terminal and the second balanced signal terminal extend in electrical symmetry from a third reference port.
7. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 6 , wherein the third balanced signal terminal and the fourth balanced signal terminal extend in electrical symmetry from a fourth reference port.
8. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the unbalanced coil forms a figure-8 coil comprising a first lobe and a second lobe electrically connected to each other, wherein the first lobe is inductively coupled to the balanced coil and the second lobe is inductively coupled to the auxiliary coil.
9. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 8 , wherein the first lobe and the second lobe are conductively connected by parallel conductors arranged in different spaced apart parallel planes.
10. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 8 , wherein the first lobe and the second lobe of the figure-8 coil are electrically connected such that an electric current flows in opposite sense in the first lobe and in the second lobe.
11. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the balanced coil and the auxiliary coil are arranged in a same plane and wherein a shielding conductor extends between the balanced coil and the auxiliary coil.
12. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor;
wherein the first capacitor is connected to the balanced coil forming a first parallel resonant tank circuit;
wherein the second capacitor is connected to the unbalanced coil forming a second parallel resonant tank circuit; and
wherein the third capacitor is connected to the auxiliary coil forming a third parallel resonant tank circuit.
13. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of power transistor pairs comprise LDMOS transistors or VDMOS transistors.
14. The radiofrequency power amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the first balun transformer is configured as a series combining transformer.
15. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a power divider, wherein the power divider comprises a second balun transformer,
wherein the second balun transformer comprises an unbalanced coil extending between a first single-ended signal terminal of the second balun transformer and a first reference port of the second balun transformer and a balanced coil extending between a first balanced signal terminal and a fourth balanced signal terminal of the second balun transformer;
wherein the unbalanced coil and the balanced coil of the second balun transformer are inductively coupled and electrically isolated from each other;
wherein the second balun transformer further comprises at least one auxiliary coil electrically isolated from the unbalanced coil and the balanced coil of the second balun transformer;
wherein the at least one auxiliary coil of the second balun transformer is inductively coupled to the unbalanced coil of the second balun transformer and extends between a third balanced signal terminal and a fourth balanced signal terminal of the second balun transformer, and the second balun transformer forms a balanced divider;
wherein the first, second, third and fourth balanced signal terminals of the second balun transformer are coupled to the plurality of power transistor pairs.
16. The radiofrequency power amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the first balun transformer and the plurality of power transistor pairs are arranged in an amplifier stage, wherein the radiofrequency power amplifier comprises a plurality of the amplifier stage arranged in an array of amplifier stages.
17. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system comprising a radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 .
18. A plasma generator comprising a radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 .
19. The radiofrequency power amplifier according to claim 1 , wherein the first balun transformer operates in a signal frequency range between 1 MHz and 500 MHz.