Thread-based real-time monitoring of bodily fluids
A wearable sensor for monitoring an external bodily fluid includes a sensor thread, a wick, a substrate, and a communication interface all of which are disposed on a substrate. The wick wicks the external bodily fluid to a functionalized region of the thread. The communication interface transmits, to an external device, data indicative of what the sensor thread has measured in said external bodily fluid. The external device can then carry out real-time analysis or storage.
1. An apparatus comprising a wearable sensor configured for real-time multiplexed monitoring of biomarkers in an external bodily fluid, said wearable sensor comprising a substrate, a communication interface disposed on said substrate, a wick disposed on said substrate, and a thread disposed on said wick, said thread being a sensor thread that has a functionalized region, wherein said wick wicks said external bodily fluid to said functionalized region, wherein said communication interface transmits data indicative of what said sensor thread has measured in said external bodily fluid, wherein said thread is one of a plurality of threads, each of which comprises a proximal end that connects to a corresponding wire in a bundle of wires, wherein each of said wires in said bundle of wires connects to said communication interface, and wherein said communication interface communicates data indicative of measurements obtained by each of said threads for storage or real-time data analysis, wherein said thread is disposed on a substrate selected from the group consisting of a bandage and a dermal patch, said substrate having an outer face.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said wick comprises a gauze pad in contact with said thread.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said thread is one of a plurality of sensor threads that comprise said wick.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of threads comprises threads that have been functionalized for detection of electrolytes, threads that have been functionalized for detection of metabolites, threads that have been functionalized to detect stress biomarkers, and threads that have been functionalized to detect inflammation-related biomarkers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of threads comprise a first, second, and third thread that implement a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter-electrode, respectively, wherein said first, second, and third threads cooperate to sense presence of a heavy metal.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said thread is functionalized to detect cationic and anionic electrolytes.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said real-time multiplexed monitoring is carried out with a sample rate that depends on how fast said external bodily fluid evaporates.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of threads comprises first, second, and third thread that implement a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter-electrode, respectively, wherein said first, second, and third threads cooperate to sense presence of cytokines.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a cover, wherein said communication interface comprises an actuator that triggers communication by said communication interface or turns said sensor on and off.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of threads implements sensors for detecting said biomarkers in said external bodily fluid, wherein at least some of said sensors comprise three of said threads and at least some of said sensors comprise two of said threads.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said threads comprise interconnects for interconnecting with said communication interface.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an evaporation engine that promotes continuous take up of said external bodily fluid.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising first and second gauze, wherein said thread is disposed between said first gauze and said second gauze, and wherein said second gauze is a patterned gauze.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said thread is functionalized for detection of lactate in sweat.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said thread is coated with Prussian blue.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said thread comprises chitosan.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a gauze that covers said outer face of said substrate.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises said bandage.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said substrate comprises said dermal patch.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a gauze, wherein said substrate comprises said bandage and said gauze is long enough to loop around said bandage and to cover said outer face of said substrate.
21. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said bandage is an adhesive bandage.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein said communication interface comprises a board having electronics for reading voltages provided by said threads and communicating a signal representative of said voltages to an external device.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said wires in said bundle of wires extend from said wick and across said substrate to connect proximal ends of said sensor threads to said communication interface.