Method for additive manufacturing with partial curing
A method of additive manufacturing (AM) includes dispensing a first building material formulation to form an outer region, and dispensing a second building material formulation to form an inner region, the outer region surrounding the inner region, the inner and outer regions being shaped to form a layer of the object; exposing the layer to a first curing condition, repeating the dispensing and the exposing to sequentially form a plurality of layers of the object and collectively exposing the plurality of layers to a second curing condition. The selections are such that the first building material formulation is hardened to a higher degree than the second building formulation. The outer regions form a hardened coating that at least partially encapsulates the inner regions. The second curing condition is other than the first curing condition and is selected to increase the degree that the inner region is hardened.
1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional object via additive manufacturing (AM), the method comprising:
dispensing a first building material formulation to form an outer region, and dispensing a second building material formulation to form an inner region, the outer region surrounding the inner region, the inner and outer regions being shaped to form a layer of the object; and
exposing the layer to a first curing condition, wherein the first and the second building material formulations and the first curing condition are selected such that upon the exposing to the first curing condition, the first building material formulation is hardened to a higher degree than the second building formulation such that a hardening kinetic parameter of the first formulation is higher than a hardening kinetic parameter of the second formulation by at least 2-folds;
repeating the dispensing and the exposing to the first curing condition to sequentially form a plurality of layers of the object, wherein the outer regions form a hardened coating that at least partially encapsulates the inner regions; and
collectively exposing the plurality of layers to a second curing condition, wherein the second curing condition is other than the first curing condition and wherein the second curing condition is selected to increase the degree that the inner region is hardened;
wherein the first building material formulation comprises a first curable material and an initiator for promoting hardening of the first curable material, and wherein the initiator is active towards promoting the hardening upon exposure to the first curing condition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second building material formulations and said first curing condition are selected such that upon the exposing to the first curing condition, a change in a hardening parameter of the first formulation is higher than a change in a hardening parameter of the second formulation by at least 2-folds.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said hardening parameter is viscosity and/or loss tangent.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hardening kinetic parameter is a rate of a change in a viscosity or a rate of a change in a loss tangent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second building material formulations and the first curing condition are selected such that upon said exposing to the first curing condition, a hardening degree of said first building material formulation is at least 70% and a hardening degree of said second building material formulation is no more than 50%.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second building material formulation comprises a second curable material and at least one of the first and the second building material formulations comprises an initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material, and wherein the initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material is inactive or is partially active towards the hardening upon exposure to the first curing condition.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total amount of the initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material in the at least one of the first and second building material formulations is less than 50%, or less than 30%, by weight, of an amount of the initiator required for promoting hardening of at least 70% of the second curable material upon exposure to the first curing condition.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the second building material formulation comprises at least two sub-formulations A and B, each comprising the second curable material, wherein an amount of the initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material in sub-formulation A is higher by at least 100% of an amount of the initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material in sub-formulation B, and wherein a weight ratio of sub-formulations A and B is lower than 0.5.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein dispensing the second building formulation is such that the sub-formulation A is dithered within the inner region.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first curing condition comprises irradiation.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the irradiation is UV-irradiation.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first building material formulation comprises a first curable material which is a UV curable material, and wherein said initiator for promoting hardening of the first curable material comprises a photo-initiator in an amount sufficient for promoting hardening of at least 70% of the first curable material upon exposure to said first curing condition.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second building material formulation comprises a second curable material which is a UV curable material, and an initiator for promoting hardening of the second curable material which comprises a photo-initiator in an amount that promotes hardening of no more than 50% of the second curable material upon exposure to the first curing condition.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second building material formulation hardens upon exposure to a heat.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second building material formulations provides a transparent hardened material.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second building material formulation comprises a second curable material featuring, when hardened, at least one of:
a heat distortion temperature (HDT) above a steady state temperature of the plurality of layers during the AM process;
a glass transition temperature (Tg) above a steady state temperature of the plurality of layers during the AM process;
a heat distortion temperature (HDT) above 70° C.; and
a glass transition temperature (Tg) above 70° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first building material formulation comprises a first curable material featuring, when hardened, at least one of:
a heat distortion temperature (HDT) below a steady state temperature of the plurality of layers during the AM process;
a glass transition temperature (Tg) below a steady state temperature of the plurality of layers during the AM process;
a heat distortion temperature (HDT) below 70° C.; and
a glass transition temperature (Tg) below 70° C.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating is configured to have a thickness that is less than 1 mm.