Photosensitive, inorganic ligand-capped inorganic nanocrystals
Ligand-capped inorganic particles, dispersions of the ligand-capped inorganic particles, and films composed of the ligand-capped inorganic particles are provided. Also provided are methods of patterning the films and electronic, photonic, and optoelectronic devices that incorporate the films. The ligands include bifunctional ligands and two-component ligand systems that include a photosensitive group, cation, or molecule.
1. Ligand-capped inorganic crystals comprising:
inorganic crystals, each crystal having a surface;
alkyl carbamate anions bound to the surfaces of the inorganic crystals; and
photosensitive cations or photosensitive non-ionic molecules associated with the inorganic crystals.
2. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive cations or photosensitive non-ionic molecules are photoacid generators.
3. A solid film comprising the ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 on a substrate.
4. A method of patterning the film of claim 1 , the method comprising:
irradiating a first portion of the film with radiation, wherein the interaction between the radiation and the photosensitive cations or photosensitive non-ionic molecules results in the chemical modification of the film, while preventing a second portion of the film from being irradiated by the radiation; and
contacting the film with a solvent that dissolves the second portion of the film, but not the first portion of the film.
5. Ligand-capped inorganic crystals comprising:
inorganic crystals, each crystal having a surface;
inorganic anions bound to the surfaces of the inorganic crystals; and
2-phenyl-2-(-5-((tosyloxy)imino)thiophen-2-ylidene) acetonitrile molecules associated with the inorganic crystals.
6. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 5 , wherein the inorganic anions comprise metal halide anions.
7. A solid film comprising the ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 5 on a substrate.
8. A method of patterning the film of claim 7 , the method comprising:
irradiating a first portion of the film with radiation, wherein the interaction between the radiation and the 2-phenyl-2-(-5-((tosyloxy)imino)thiophen-2-ylidene) acetonitrile molecules results in the chemical modification of the film, while preventing a second portion of the film from being irradiated by the radiation; and
contacting the film with a solvent that dissolves the second portion of the film, but not the first portion of the film.
9. Ligand-capped inorganic crystals comprising:
inorganic crystals, each crystal having a surface;
inorganic anions bound to the surfaces of the inorganic crystals; and
1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonyl chloride molecules associated with the inorganic crystals.
10. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 9 , wherein the inorganic anions comprise metal halide anions.
11. A solid film comprising the ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 9 on a substrate.
12. A method of patterning the film of claim 11 , the method comprising:
irradiating a first portion of the film with radiation, wherein the interaction between the radiation and the 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonyl chloride molecules results in the chemical modification of the film, while preventing a second portion of the film from being irradiated by the radiation; and
contacting the film with a solvent that dissolves the second portion of the film, but not the first portion of the film.
13. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl carbamate anions are selected from butyl carbamate anions, propyl carbamate anions, pentyl carbamate anions, hexyl carbamate anions, and octyl carbamate anions.
14. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 , comprising the photosensitive cations associated with the inorganic crystals.
15. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 , comprising the photosensitive non-ionic molecules associated with the inorganic crystals.
16. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl carbamate anions do not absorb radiation in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
17. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 5 , wherein the inorganic anions comprise metal chalcogenide anions.
18. The ligand-capped inorganic crystals of claim 9 , wherein the inorganic anions comprise metal chalcogenide anions.