Implantable dual mode ultrasonic device

1. A method of neural stimulation and imaging of a nervous system of a subject, comprising:

providing an interface device operable to generate an ultrasonic beam for direct neuromodulation and imaging of a targeted neural structure of a subject;

implanting the interface device in the subject;

providing and disposing an external coil array over the targeted neural structure of the subject;

generating the ultrasonic beam by the interface device and transmitting the ultrasonic beam towards the targeted neural structure for direct neuromodulating and imaging;

receiving a reflected ultrasonic beam by the interface device from the targeted neural structure for imaging of the targeted neural structure;

wirelessly powering the interface device with the external coil array; and

wirelessly communicating between the interface device and the external coil array for performing neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

providing the interface device comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer operable to focus an ultrasonic beam on the targeted neural structure of brain of the subject for neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure, and/or comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of brain of the subject for microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure;

implanting the at least one ultrasonic transducer in a subdural region located over a brain surface and/or the at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer inside a neural tissue of the brain of the subject; and

providing and disposing an external coil array over a skull of the subject, wherein the external coil array is wirelessly powering and communicating with the interface device using an inductive link.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

providing the interface device comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer operable to focus an ultrasonic beam on a targeted neural structure of peripheral nervous system (PNS) of the subject for direct neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure, and/or comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of peripheral nervous system (PNS) of the subject for direct microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure;

implanting the at least one ultrasonic transducer over a nerve bundle of the PNS without any penetration into a parenchyma of the PNS, and/or the at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer in a nerve bundle of the PNS of the subject; and

providing and disposing an external coil or ultrasonic transducer array over skin of the subject that is covering the implanted interface device, wherein the external coil or ultrasonic transducer array is wirelessly powering and communicating with the interface device using an inductive or ultrasonic link.

4. An implantable neural stimulation and imaging system for a central nervous system (CNS) of a subject, comprising:

an interface device configured to be implanted in a subdural region located over a brain surface, the interface device comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer operable to focus an ultrasonic beam on a targeted neural structure of the brain for direct neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

an external coil array disposed over a skull of the subject, the external coil array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the interface device using an inductive link.

5. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the interface device is driven at a high frequency with a continuous, pulsed or sinusoidal carrier waveform, the carrier waveform being amplitude-modulated with a lower frequency or being reconstructed with a train of sharp pulses with varying amplitudes.

6. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 5 , wherein the high frequency is selected from a range of 1-40 MHz and the lower frequency is in a kHz.

7. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 5 , wherein the pulsed carrier waveform has a variable number of cycles, pulse repetition frequency and/or duration.

8. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer has a maximum thickness of 0.5 mm.

9. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the interface device comprises at least two ultrasonic transducers that are disposed in either stacked or side-by-side manner.

10. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic transducer comprises zirconate titanate (PZT).

11. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one transducer is operable to focus the ultrasonic beam having a frequency in a range of 1 MHz to 40 MHz.

12. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one transducer has a focal length in a range of 1 mm to 50 mm.

13. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , wherein the interface device comprises an array of the at least one ultrasonic transducers to focus on the targeted neural structure.

14. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 4 , further comprising:

another interface device configured to be implanted inside the neural tissue of the brain of the subject, the interface device comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of the brain for direct microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

the external coil array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the another interface device using the inductive link.

15. An implantable neural stimulation and imaging system for a peripheral nervous system (PNS) of a subject, comprising:

an interface device configured to be implanted over a nerve bundle of the PNS without any penetration into a parenchyma of the PNS, the interface device comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer operable to focus an ultrasonic beam on a targeted neural structure of the PNS for direct neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

an external coil or ultrasonic transducer array disposed over skin of the subject that is covering the implanted interface device, the external coil or ultrasonic transducer array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the interface device using an inductive or ultrasonic link.

16. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 15 , wherein the ultrasonic link is based on an ultrasonic harmonic modulation (UHM) technique.

17. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 15 , further comprising:

another interface device configured to be implanted in the nerve bundle of the PNS of the subject, the interface device comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of the PNS for direct microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

the external coil or ultrasonic transducer array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the another interface device using an inductive or ultrasonic link.

18. An implantable neural stimulation and imaging system for central nervous system (CNS) of a subject, comprising:

an interface device configured to be implanted inside a neural tissue of a brain of the subject, the interface device comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of the brain for direct microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

an external coil array disposed over a skull of the subject, the external coil array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the interface device using an inductive link.

19. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer is operable to generate the ultrasonic point-source having a frequency in a range of 0.5 MHz to 10 MHz.

20. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 18 , wherein the at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer has a focal length in a range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

21. The implantable neural stimulation and imaging system according to claim 18 , wherein the interface device comprises an array of the at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducers to focus on the targeted neural structure.

22. An implantable neural stimulation and imaging system for peripheral nervous system (PNS) of a subject, comprising:

an interface device configured to be implanted in a nerve bundle of the PNS of the subject, the interface device comprising at least one sub-millimeter sized ultrasonic transducer operable to generate an ultrasonic point-source near a targeted neural structure of the PNS for direct microscopic ultrasound neuromodulation and imaging of the targeted neural structure; and

an external coil or ultrasonic transducer array disposed over skin of the subject close to the interface device, the external coil or ultrasonic transducer array configured to wirelessly power and communicate with the interface device using an inductive or ultrasonic link.