Methods for improving nanocellulose dispersion in elastomeric compounds, and compositions containing dispersed nanocellulose in elastomer compounds
Nanocellulose dispersion compositions containing a partitioning agent and a nanocellulose, and methods of making the nanocellulose dispersion compositions, are disclosed. These compositions can promote improved dispersibility of the nanocellulose fibrils and nanocellulose crystals in polymer matrices, such as in elastomer formulations for use in tire production.
1. A polymer composition comprising:
(I) a polymer;
(II) a nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) comprising:
(i) a partitioning agent comprising a carbon black filler and at least one of an elastomer latex and/or a wax; and
(ii) a nanocellulose; and
(III) a carbon black additive.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein:
a weight ratio of the polymer to the nanocellulose dispersion composition (polymer: NDC) is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:1; and
a weight ratio of the partitioning agent to the nanocellulose is in a range from about 0.5:1 to about 25:1.
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises an elastomer.
4. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanocellulose dispersion composition has greater nanocellulose dispersibility in the polymer composition than that of the nanocellulose without the partitioning agent.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises nanocellulose crystals (NC), nanocellulose fibrils (NF), or a combination thereof.
6. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated nanocellulose crystals (LCNC), lignin-coated nanocellulose fibrils (LCNF), or a combination thereof.
7. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises hydrophilic cellulose nanocellulose crystals (CNC), hydrophilic cellulose nanocellulose fibrils (CNF), or a combination thereof.
8. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) further comprises a hydrocarbon oil.
9. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the elastomer latex comprises a natural rubber (NR), an isoprene rubber (IR), an emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), or any combination thereof;
the wax comprises a non-branched alkane paraffin wax; a natural mineral, petroleum refined, or lignin refined branched paraffin wax or ceresine wax; a polyethylene wax; a functionalized polyethylene wax; or any combination thereof; and
the carbon black filler and the carbon black additive independently comprise a furnace carbon black and/or a surface-modified furnace carbon black.
10. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the carbon black filler and the carbon black additive are independently characterized by:
a nitrogen surface area of from about 90 m 2 /g to about 140 m 2 /g;
an external surface area of from about 80 m 2 /g to about 125 m 2 /g;
a pH of from about 2.5 to about 4;
a 50 GM void volume of from about 55 cm 3 /100 g to about 67 cm 3 /100 g;
a 75 GM void volume of from about 50 cm 3 /100 g to about 60 cm 3 /100 g;
a 100 GM void volume of from about 45 cm 3 /100 g to about 55 cm 3 /100 g;
a moisture content of from about 2.5 wt. % to about 4.5 wt. %;
a volatile content of from about 4.5 wt. % to about 6.5 wt. %;
an oxygen content of from about 2.5 wt. % to about 5.5 wt. %; or
any combination thereof.
11. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the partitioning agent comprises the carbon black filler, the elastomer latex, and the wax.
12. A process for partitioning a nanocellulose in an aqueous system for improved dispersibility in polymers, the process comprising:
(a) combining an aqueous dispersion of the nanocellulose with a partitioning agent to form a mixture, wherein the partitioning agent comprises a carbon black filler and at least one of an elastomer latex and/or a wax; and
(b) drying the mixture to form a nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC).
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the partitioning agent comprises the carbon black filler, the elastomer later, and the wax.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein the aqueous dispersion of the nanocellulose is combined with the partitioning agent and a hydrocarbon oil.
15. A nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) comprising:
(i) a partitioning agent comprising a carbon black filler and at least one of an elastomer latex and/or a wax; and
(ii) a nanocellulose.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the nanocellulose dispersion composition has greater nanocellulose dispersibility in a polymer formulation than that of the nanocellulose without the partitioning agent.
17. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the partitioning agent comprises the carbon black filler, the elastomer later, and the wax.
18. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) further comprises a hydrocarbon oil.
19. A polymer composition comprising:
(I) a polymer; and
(II) the nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) of claim 15 .
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the elastomer latex comprises a natural rubber (NR), an isoprene rubber (IR), an emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), or any combination thereof.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the wax comprises a non-branched alkane paraffin wax; a natural mineral, petroleum refined, or lignin refined branched paraffin wax or ceresine wax; a polyethylene wax; a functionalized polyethylene wax; or any combination thereof.
22. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the hydrocarbon oil comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.
23. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the hydrocarbon oil comprises a treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) oil.
24. The composition of claim 15 , wherein a weight ratio of the partitioning agent to the nanocellulose is in a range from about 0.5:1 to about 25:1.
25. The composition of claim 24 , wherein:
the partitioning agent comprises the carbon black filler, the elastomer later, and the wax; and
the nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) further comprises a hydrocarbon oil.
26. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the carbon black filler comprises a furnace carbon black and/or a surface-modified furnace carbon black.
27. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises nanocellulose crystals (NC), nanocellulose fibrils (NF), or a combination thereof.
28. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises lignin-coated nanocellulose crystals (LCNC), lignin-coated nanocellulose fibrils (LCNF), or a combination thereof.
29. The composition of claim 25 , wherein the nanocellulose comprises hydrophilic cellulose nanocellulose crystals (CNC), hydrophilic cellulose nanocellulose fibrils (CNF), or a combination thereof.
30. A polymer composition comprising:
(I) a polymer; and
(II) the nanocellulose dispersion composition (NDC) of claim 25 ;
wherein a weight ratio of the polymer to the nanocellulose dispersion composition (polymer:NDC) is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:1.