Method of collimating atomic beam, apparatus for collimating atomic beam, atomic interferometer, and atomic gyroscope
An atomic beam is irradiated with a first laser beam, a second laser beam, and a third laser beam. The first laser beam and the third laser beam each have a wavelength corresponding to a transition between a ground state and a first excited state. The second laser beam has a wavelength corresponding to a transition between the ground state and a second excited state. First, atoms each having a smaller velocity component than a predetermined velocity in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the atomic beam are changed from the ground state to the first excited state by the first laser beam. Subsequently, a momentum is provided for individual atoms in the ground state by the second laser beam, which removes the atoms from the atomic beam. Finally, atoms in the first excited state are returned from the first excited state to the ground state by the third laser beam.
1. A method of collimating an atomic beam, the method comprising:
irradiating the atomic beam with a first laser beam, the first laser beam having a wavelength corresponding to a transition between a ground state and a first excited state of an atom in the atomic beam, thereby selectively changing, from the ground state to the first excited state, atoms in the atomic beam each having a velocity component in a direction orthogonal to a traveling direction of the atomic beam, the velocity component being smaller than a predetermined velocity;
irradiating, after irradiating the atomic beam with the first laser beam, the atomic beam with a second laser beam, the second laser beam having a wavelength corresponding to a transition between the ground state and a second excited state of the atom in the atomic beam, thereby providing recoil momenta to atoms in the ground state in the atomic beam to change a traveling direction of the atoms in the ground state in the atomic beam; and
irradiating, after irradiating the atomic beam with the second laser beam, the atomic beam with a third laser beam, the third laser beam having the wavelength corresponding to the transition between the ground state and the first excited state, thereby changing the atoms in the first excited state in the atomic beam from the first excited state to the ground state.