Block polymer composite membranes
A highly permeable sorbent platform based on polysulfone and polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) composite membranes. The membranes possess a fully interconnected network of poly(acrylic acid)-lined pores, which enables the surface chemistry to be tailored through sequential attachment of polyethyleneimine moieties and metal-binding terpyridine ligands. The polyethyleneimine moieties increase the saturation capacity, while the addition of terpyridine enables high-affinity binding to a diversity of transition metal ions. This membrane platform removes such metal contaminants from solution. The metal capture performance of the functionalized membranes persists even in high concentrations of competitive ions. Also, fluorescence quenching of the terpyridine moiety upon metal ion complexation offers an in-situ probe to monitor the extent of sorbent saturation. The permeability, capacity, and affinity of these membranes, with high-density display of a metal-binding ligand, offer a chemically tailored platform to address the challenges that arise in ensuring clean water.
1. A composite membrane comprising a polysulfone (Psf) and a polystyrene-b-poly(acryloyl) diblock copolymer (PS-PAX), wherein the acryloyl group of the poly(acryloyl) moiety has an amide bond to a branched polyethylenimine of Formula II:
wherein
R 2 is —C(═O)R 3 ;
R 3 is a tethered nitrogen heterocycle of Formula III:
wherein
R 5 is H, halo, OH, NH 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylamino; and
n is 1-10;
R 4 is H or —C(═O)R 3 ; and
m is 10-1000;
wherein the weight ratio of Psf to PS-PAX is greater than 2 to 1 and less than 6 to 1;
wherein the membrane has a network of interconnecting pores and pore openings at the surface of the membrane, the pores comprise polymer chains extending from the inner surface of the pores into the lumen of the pores, the chains comprise a segregated poly(acryloyl) moiety of the diblock copolymer, and the segregated poly(acryloyl) moiety comprises a plurality of metal ion binding groups of Formulas II and III; and
wherein the diameters of the pore openings are less than about 5000 nm and the membrane has a metal ion maximum binding capacity (Q) of at least 0.4 mmol/g.
2. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein n is 5 or 6.
3. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of Psf to PS-PAX is about 4 to 1.
4. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein Q is about 0.4 mmol/g to about 5 mmol/g.
5. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein the diameter of pore openings at the surface of the membrane is about 100 nm to about 2000 nm, and the chains extend from the inner surface of the pores into the lumen of the pores and pore openings.
6. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein the number averaged molecular weight (M n ) of Psf is about 15 kg mol −1 to about 150 kg mol −1 and the M n of PS-PAX is about 20 kg mol −1 to about 100 kg mol −1 .
7. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein PS-PAX has a polystyrene weight fraction (w PS ) of about 0.70 to about 0.95 and a poly(acryloyl) weight fraction (w PAX ) of about 0.05 to about 0.30.
8. The composite membrane of claim 1 wherein the PS-PAX diblock copolymer comprises Formula I:
wherein
X is the branched polyethylenimine of Formula II;
R 1 is H, halo, OH, NH 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylamino;
y is 10-1000; and
z is 10-1000.
9. A composite membrane comprising a polysulfone (Psf) and a polystyrene-b-poly(acryloyl) diblock copolymer (PS-PAX) of Formula I:
wherein
R 1 is H, halo, OH, NH 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylamino;
y is 10-1000;
z is 10-1000; and
X is a branched polyethylenimine of Formula II:
wherein
R 2 is —C(═O)R 3 ;
R 3 is a tethered nitrogen heterocycle of Formula III:
wherein
R 5 is H, halo, OH, NH 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylamino; and
n is 1-10;
R 4 is H or —C(═O)R 3 ;
m is 10-1000;
wherein the weight ratio of Psf to PS-PAX is greater than 2 to 1 and less than 6 to 1;
wherein the membrane has a network of interconnecting pores and pore openings at the surface of the membrane, the pores comprise polymer chains extending from the inner surface of the pores into the lumen of the pores, the chains comprise a segregated poly(acryloyl) moiety of the diblock copolymer, and the segregated poly(acryloyl) moiety comprises a plurality of metal ion binding groups of Formulas II and III that are capable of binding metal ions from wastewater; and
wherein the diameters of the pore openings are less than about 5000 nm and the membrane has a metal ion maximum binding capacity (Q) of at least 0.4 mmol/g.
10. The composite membrane of claim 9 wherein n is 5 or 6.