Triazine-based polymer
Compositions and methods related to conducting polymeric compositions that can be used in devices for storage of electrical energy are generally provided. The composition may include redox active polymers that include an electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle and an electron rich aromatic compound. The electroactive polymers may be formed by polymerizing an electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle-based unit with an electron rich aromatic compound in the presence of heat and an acid-based catalyst. The resulting electroactive polymers may be suitable as polymer films for use as electrodes in energy storage devices. The polymer films disposed as electrodes can improve the energy density of such devices.
1. A device, comprising:
a current collector; and
an electrode comprising a polymer film in electrical communication with the current collector, the polymer film comprising a polymer formed by polymerization of an electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted, and/or a derivative thereof, and an electron rich aromatic compound,
wherein the device has an energy density of greater than or equal to 150 kJ/kg.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle is substituted with halides.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the device has an energy density of greater than or equal to 180 KJ/kg.
4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle is cyanuric chloride.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a first electrode.
6. The device of claim 5 , further comprising a second electrode substantially separated from the first electrode.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are in contact with a common electrolyte.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises N-ethyl-N -(2-methoxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and/or acetonitrile.
10. The device of claim 6 , further comprising a separator arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode.
11. The device of claim 6 , wherein the first electrode and/or the second electrode comprises a conductive carbon material.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle comprises 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle is substituted with halides.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer film comprises an electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle-based repeat unit.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the electrophilic nitrogen containing heterocycle-based repeat unit is based on triazine or a derivative thereof.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electron rich aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of triphenylamine, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, dibenzothiophene, naphthalene, N-phenyl-carbazole, and derivatives thereof, any of which is optionally substituted, and/or combinations thereof.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electron rich aromatic compound comprises two or more phenyl groups.