Process for the recovery of lithium
The present disclosure concerns a process for the concentration of lithium in metallurgical fumes. The process comprises the steps of: —providing a metallurgical molten bath furnace; —preparing a metallurgical charge comprising lithium-bearing material, transition metals, and fluxing agents; —smelting the metallurgical charge and fluxing agents in reducing conditions in said furnace, thereby obtaining a molten bath with an alloy and a slag phase; and, —optionally separating the alloy and the slag phase; characterized in that a major part of the lithium is fumed as LiCl from the molten slag, by addition of alkali or earth alkali chloride to the process. Using a single smelting step, valuable transition metals such as cobalt and nickel also present in the charge are collected in an alloy phase, while the lithium reports to the fumes. The lithium in the fumes is available in concentrated form, suitable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing.
1. A process for concentrating lithium in metallurgical fumes comprises:
providing a metallurgical molten bath furnace;
preparing a metallurgical charge comprising lithium-bearing material, transition metals, and fluxing agents;
smelting the metallurgical charge and fluxing agents in reducing conditions in said furnace, thereby obtaining a molten bath with an alloy phase and a slag phase; and,
optionally separating the alloy phase and the slag phase;
wherein a major part of the lithium is fumed as LiCl from the slag phase of the molten bath, by addition of alkali and/or alkaline earth chloride to the process.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali and/or alkaline earth chloride is added to the process as part of the metallurgical charge, as part of the fluxing agents, or to the slag phase of the molten bath during or after smelting.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali and/or alkaline earth chloride is added in an amount corresponding to a stoichiometric excess with respect to the Li in the fumes.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the stoichiometric excess of alkali and/or alkaline earth chloride amounts to at least 10%.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali and/or alkaline earth chloride comprises CaCl 2 .
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium-bearing material also contains nickel and/or cobalt, and wherein a pO 2 is maintained that is sufficiently low to reduce a part of at least one of nickel and cobalt to the alloy phase of the molten bath.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the lithium-bearing material comprises Li batteries, their scrap, or their production waste.