High-resolution magnetographic camera based on optically-pumped magnetometer

1. A magnetographic camera based on an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) for measuring a spatial distribution of a magnetic field produced by a sample that may be stationary in time or may dynamically vary with time, the magnetographic camera comprising:

a housing for containing a magnetic field detector including a single vapor cell to receive the magnetic field produced by the sample positioned proximal to the single vapor cell;

a single multi-channel detector array; and

a laser light source positioned upstream of the single vapor cell to illuminate the single vapor cell and thereby cause a distribution of light representative of the spatial distribution of the magnetic field produced by the sample inside the single vapor cell to be transmitted along a single optical path as a single light beam to the single multi-channel detector array,

wherein the single multi-channel detector array is positioned downstream of the single vapor cell and at a downstream end of the single optical path, and is configured to:

receive the single light beam;

generate a magnetic field image of the sample; and

encode and store the magnetic field image of the sample that is spatially encoded as a photographic image of a distribution of light corresponding to pixels or voxels within the single vapor cell.

2. The magnetographic camera of claim 1 , further comprising a magnetic field cancellation system in which magnetic field interference from an environmental magnetic field is reduced to a level below a magnetic field from samples of interest.

3. The magnetographic camera of claim 2 , wherein the magnetic field cancellation system includes three sets of magnetic field noise cancellation coils.

4. The magnetographic camera of claim 3 , wherein a first set of coils produces a magnetic field perpendicular to a surface of the optical detector, a second set of coils produces a magnetic field horizontal along one axis, and a third set of coils produces a horizontal magnetic field along a direction orthogonal to the second set of coils.

5. The magnetographic camera of claim 3 , further comprising a magnetic field reference detector to measure an ambient background magnetic field.

6. The magnetographic camera of claim 5 further comprising a controller configured to provide an electric current proportional to a magnetic variation sensed by the magnetic field reference detector to the three sets of magnetic field noise cancellation coils thereby reducing the environmental magnetic field sensed by the OPM.

7. The magnetographic camera of claim 1 , wherein the multi-channel detector array comprises a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device.

8. The magnetographic camera of claim 1 , wherein the multi-channel detector array comprises a charge-coupled device (CCD).

9. The magnetographic camera of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a biological sample or a non-biologic sample.

10. The magnetographic camera of claim 1 , further comprising the magnetic field detector positioned in the housing and comprising an evacuated box made at least partially of an optically transparent material allowing light from the laser light source to pass through.

11. The magnetographic camera of claim 10 , wherein the optically transparent material includes glass.

12. The magnetographic camera of claim 10 , wherein the single vapor cell is filled with a spin-polarizable atomic species.

13. The magnetographic camera of claim 12 , wherein the magnetic field detector further comprises thermal standoffs to thermally insulate the evacuated box from the single vapor cell.

14. The magnetographic camera of claim 12 , wherein the magnetic field detector further comprises heater to heat the single vapor cell to a desired temperature.

15. The magnetographic camera of claim 14 , wherein the desired temperature to heat the single vapor cell is above 120° C.

16. The magnetographic camera of claim 12 , wherein the spin-polarizable atomic species includes alkali atoms.

17. The magnetographic camera of claim 12 , wherein the single vapor cell has a thickness between 10 μm and 1,000 μm to increase spatial resolution of magnetic field detection to a pixel size as small as 35 μm×35 μm and to increase temporal resolution to more than 1,000 frames per second (fps).

18. The magnetographic camera of claim 12 , further comprising a vacuum enclosure in which the single vapor cell is suspended.

19. The magnetographic camera of claim 10 , wherein the magnetic field detector further comprises a molecular sieve to improve a vacuum.