Method of producing fungal mats and materials made therefrom
The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a fungal mat comprising the steps of: a) inoculating and growing a filamentous fungal species onto a solid nutritive medium comprising a lignocellulosic material, thereby obtaining a solid nutritive medium colonized by said fungal species; b) mixing said colonized nutritive medium with water or with an aqueous solution and blending at high speed to obtain a homogeneous living fungal slurry; c) pouring the living fungal slurry into a flat container; d) incubating the living fungal slurry until a continuous fungal mat of the desired thickness and density is formed on the top surface of the living fungal slurry; e) harvesting the fungal mat thus obtained; and, optionally f) washing the harvested fungal mat.
1. Method for obtaining a fungal mat comprising the steps of:
a) inoculating and growing a filamentous fungal species onto a solid nutritive medium comprising a lignocellulosic material, thereby obtaining a solid nutritive medium colonized by said fungal species;
b) mixing said colonized solid nutritive medium with water or with an aqueous solution and blending at a speed of at least 10,000 rpm to obtain a homogeneous living fungal slurry;
c) pouring the living fungal slurry into a flat container;
d) incubating the living fungal slurry until a continuous fungal mat of the desired thickness and density is formed directly on the top surface of the living fungal slurry without any spatial manipulation;
e) harvesting the fungal mat thus obtained; and, optionally
f) washing the harvested fungal mat.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said fungal species is selected from species belonging to the basidiomycota division.
3. Method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said solid nutritive medium consists of at least 90% of its total weight of lignocellulosic material or of a lignocellulosic material admixed with seeds, seed flour, starch powder, and/or minerals.
4. Method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein in step c), a layer of porous material is added on the surface of the fungal slurry once this has been poured into the flat container and, optionally, further alternate layers of slurry and porous material are added, thereby originating in step d) a multilayer composite material comprising one or more layers of fungal mycelium alternated with one or more layers of porous material.
5. Method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said porous material is selected from the group consisting of fibrous materials and polymers.
6. Method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said fibrous material is selected from the group consisting of hemp, cotton and linen.
7. Method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose acetate, chitin, chitosan, corn zein and starch.
8. Method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising step g), treating the fungal mat with a plasticizer and/or a crosslinker to obtain a treated fungal mat.
9. Method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising step h) drying said treated fungal mat, after step f) or g).
10. Method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising a step, l) placing two or more fungal mats one on top of the other and incubating for a period of time of at least two days thereby obtaining a multilayer mat having two or more layers of fungal mycelium, after step e) or f) and before step g).
11. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein said fungal species is selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma, Trametes, Fomes, Fomitopsis, Phellinus, Perenniporia, Pycnoporus, Tyromyces, Macrohyporia, Bjerkandera, Cerrena and Schizophyllum.
12. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said plasticizer is glycerol and said crosslinker is genipin.
13. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the two or more fungal mats are incubated from 2 to 7 days.