Sheet based triply periodic minimal surface implants for promoting osseointegration and methods for producing same
Provided herein are implants and methods for producing implants. In at least one embodiment, the implants include sheet-based, triply periodic, minimal surface (TPMS) portions. According to one embodiment, the TPMS portions include a gyroid architecture that provides for improved osseointegration and mechanical performance over previous implants due to novel ratios of porosity to compressive strength, among other features. In one or more embodiments, the gyroid architecture is organized into unit cells that demonstrate anisotropic mechanical performance along an insertion direction. In various embodiments, the present methods include novel selective laser melting (SLM) techniques for forming the TPMS portions of implants in a manner that reduces defect formation, thereby improving compressive performance and other implant properties.
1. A 3D-printed implant comprising:
a top point and a bottom point;
a frame comprising:
an interior portion, wherein the interior portion defines a void area; and
a sheet-based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) portion integrally formed with the frame via SLM 3D printing extending from the top point through the void area of the frame to the bottom point, the TPMS portion comprising:
a wall density greater than 99%; and
a porosity of about 50-90%.
2. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the TPMS portion is free of nodes.
3. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the interior portion defines a second void area free of TPMS structures.
4. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is anisotropic in an insertion direction.
5. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is a spinal cage.
6. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is an osteotomy wedge.
7. The 3D-printed implant of claim 1 , wherein the TPMS portion comprises a gyroid architecture.
8. A 3D-printed implant comprising:
an area between a top portion and a bottom portion, the area comprising at least one sheet based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) portion comprising:
a wall density greater than 99%; and
a porosity of about 50-90%.
9. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein:
the top portion and the bottom portion define an interior portion; and
the interior portion defines at least one void area.
10. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the at least one TPMS portion comprises a gyroid architecture.
11. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the at least one TPMS portion is free of nodes.
12. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , further comprising one or more teeth extending from the top portion or the bottom portion.
13. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is anisotropic in an insertion direction.
14. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is a spinal cage.
15. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the 3D-printed implant is an osteotomy wedge.
16. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the at least one TPMS portion comprises titanium.
17. The 3D-printed implant of claim 8 , wherein the at least one TPMS portion comprises cobalt chromium.
18. A 3D-printed implant comprising:
a volume between a top portion and a bottom portion, the volume comprising at least one sheet based triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) portion comprising a wall density greater than 99%.