Systems and methods for wireless treatment of arrhythmias
Wireless treatment of arrhythmias. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including: charging a capacitor of a first microchip device abutting heart tissue, the charging by harvesting ambient energy; charging a capacitor of a second microchip device abutting the heart tissue, the charging of the capacitor of the second microchip device by harvesting ambient energy; sending a command wirelessly from a communication device outside the rib cage to the microchip devices; applying electrical energy to the heart tissue by the first microchip device responsive to the command, the electrical energy applied from the capacitor of the first microchip device; and applying electrical energy to the heart tissue by the second microchip device responsive to the command to the second microchip device, the electrical energy applied from the capacitor of the second microchip device.
1. An implantable medical device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate having disposed thereon:
an energy harvesting circuit configured to store ambient energy;
an energy delivery circuit; and
a communication circuit configured to cause the energy delivery circuit to deliver energy to cardiac tissue in response to wireless signals received from a communication device external to the medical device, wherein the communication circuit is configured to engage in bi-directional communication with the communication device;
a coupling structure configured to couple the medical device to tissue within, on, and/or proximate a heart;
a sensing circuit at least partially disposed on the semiconductor substrate, the sensing circuit configured to sense electrical impulses propagating through cardiac tissue, and configured to trigger the communication circuit to send a message responsive to the electrical impulses propagating through the cardiac tissue to the communication device; and
a loop antenna defined on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the sensing circuit is electrically coupled to the loop antenna.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ambient energy includes ambient electrical, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic energy.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the energy harvesting circuit is configured to harvest ambient energy emitted from the communication device.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the energy harvesting circuit is configured to harvest ambient energy from the heart.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the energy harvesting circuit includes at least one capacitor configured to store at least a portion of the ambient energy.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the energy harvesting circuit further comprises:
at least one energy harvesting antenna and/or conductive pad; and
a rectifier configured to rectify alternating current (AC) voltage from the at least one energy harvesting antenna and/or conductive pad and to store rectified energy in the at least one capacitor.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the energy harvesting circuit further comprises:
a power management unit configured to produce a regulated direct current (DC) voltage from the rectified energy stored in the at least one capacitor.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the energy delivery circuit comprises one or more electrodes configured to deliver the energy.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the one or more electrodes is configured to deliver energy below about 1.0 Joule.
10. The device of claim 8 , wherein each of the one or more electrodes is configured to deliver energy below about 1.0 Joule.
11. The device of claim 8 , wherein the communication device is configured to drive the one or more electrodes to pace and/or defibrillate the heart.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the one or more electrodes includes electrodes configured for placement in the Vein of Marshall.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is configured for placement at or near the entrance to the Vein of Marshall to at least partially control the electrodes placed in the Vein of Marshall.
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is configured for placement within the Vein of Marshall to at least partially control the electrodes placed in the Vein of Marshall.
15. The device of claim 11 , wherein the one or more electrodes includes electrodes configured for placement in one or more branches of the Coronary Sinus.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is configured for placement at or near the entrance to the Coronary Sinus to at least partially control the electrodes placed in the one or more branches of the Coronary Sinus.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor substrate is configured for endocardial placement, epicardial placement, venous system placement, and/or arterial system placement.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the implantable medical device is individually addressable by the communication device.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the communication device is configured for subcutaneous placement.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the communication device is configured for placement outside a body comprising the heart.
21. The device of claim 1 , wherein the coupling structure includes an anchor mechanically coupled to the semiconductor substrate.