Synthetic caustic composition
An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.
1. A method of fracking a hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising:
providing a hydrocarbon-bearing formation;
adding a crosslinking activator to a polymer to form a polymer mixture;
adding a caustic composition to the polymer mixture to form a crosslinked polymer mixture, the caustic composition comprising:
i) a caustic component present in a concentration ranging from 5 wt % to 40 wt % of the caustic composition;
ii) an amino acid additive present in a concentration ranging from 2 wt % to 25 wt % of the caustic composition; and
iii) water,
wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and salts thereof,
adding a proppant to the crosslinked polymer mixture to form a polymer-proppant composition; and
injecting the polymer-proppant composition into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking activator is selected from the group consisting of a borate ion and a zirconate ion.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a guar gum.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of a guar gum, a carboxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxypropylethyl guar gum, an o-carboxymethyl-o-hydroxypropyl guar gum, an ammonium hydroxyl propyl trimethyl chloride of guar gum, an o-carboyxymethyl-o-2 hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonia propyl) guar gum, an acryloyloxy guar gum, a methacryloyl guar gum, a hydroxy propyl guar, a carboxy methyl guar, a carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar, and guar.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive buffers a pH of the caustic composition between a pH of 8.25 and a pH of 10.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a pH of the crosslinked polymer mixture is between a pH of 8.5 and a pH of 9.0.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of lysine monohydrochloride, threonine, and methionine.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration ranging from 10 wt % to 30 wt % of the caustic composition.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration ranging from 15 wt % to 25 wt % of the caustic composition.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is present in a concentration ranging from 4 wt % to 15 wt % of the caustic composition.
12. The method according to claim 1 , where the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic composition has a freezing point of less than −18° C.
14. A method of fracking a hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising: providing a hydrocarbon-bearing formation; adding a cross linking activator to a polymer to form a polymer mixture; adding a caustic composition to the polymer mixture to form a crosslinked polymer mixture, the caustic composition comprising: i) a caustic component present in a concentration ranging from 5 wt % to 40 wt % of the caustic composition; ii) an amino acid additive present in a concentration ranging from 2 wt % to 25 wt % of the caustic composition; and iii) water, wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and salts thereof, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1, adding a proppant to the crosslinked polymer mixture to form a polymer-proppant composition; and injecting the polymer-proppant composition into the hydrocarbon-bearing formation.
15. The method of claim 14 , where the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 12:1 to 8:1.
16. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the crosslinking activator is selected from the group consisting of a borate ion and a zirconate ion.
17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the polymer selected from the group consisting of a guar gum, a carboxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxypropylethyl guar gum, an o-carboxymethyl-o-hydroxypropyl guar gum, an ammonium hydroxyl propyl trimethyl chloride of guar gum, an o-carboyxymethyl-o-2 hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonia propyl) guar gum, an acryloyloxy guar gum, a methacryloyl guar gum, a hydroxy propyl guar, a carboxy methyl guar, a carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar, and guar.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein a pH of the crosslinked polymer mixture is between a pH of 8.5 and a pH of 9.0.
19. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the caustic component is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
20. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of lysine monohydrochloride, threonine, and methionine.