Electromagnetic hydrocarbon depolymerization process
Applying electromagnetic energy to a hydrocarbon feed in the presence of at least one of a solvent, a catalyst, an electromagnetic receptor or a hydrogenation agent may result in depolymerization and compositional modification of the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least one of smaller hydrocarbon product fractions or viscosity modification.
1. A method, comprising:
mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst and an electromagnetic receptor to form a mixture,
wherein the electromagnetic receptor serves as a support for the catalyst and includes at least one of carbon and a metal oxide;
selecting at least one parameter of electromagnetic energy,
wherein the at least one parameter is selected to result in at least one of a depolymerization and a compositional modification of the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least one of smaller hydrocarbon product fractions or a viscosity modification; and
applying the electromagnetic energy using the at least one parameter to the mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is at least one of a coal, a lignite, a subbituminous coal, a bituminous coal, an anthracite, an oil sand, a bitumen or a heavy oil; and wherein products of the method comprise at least one of light gaseous hydrocarbons, middle hydrocarbon distillates, heavy hydrocarbon distillates, tars, pitch, solid carbon, lower viscosity bitumen, or upgraded hydrocarbon distillate fractions.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst at least one of facilitates hydrogenation of higher hydrocarbon compounds, assists in a dehydrogenation of a natural gas species, reacts with a sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon to form hydrogen sulfide, or reacts with a sulfur and forms a metal sulfide that then becomes a catalytic hydrogenation agent and can later be separated from a product for desulfurization.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic energy is a microwave energy between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the microwave energy is at least one of continuous, variable, or pulsed.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic energy is a radio wave that is less than 300 MHz.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic energy is tuned to maximize solvent uptake through water exchange.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein supplemental thermal heat is added to bring a temperature of a reactor executing the method to a point of chemical reaction.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is performed under a pressure of between 1 atmosphere and 80 atmospheres; and
wherein the temperature can be up to 1000 degrees centigrade.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of a middle distillate product fraction or a spent catalyst fraction of the method is recycled to an inlet of a reactor executing the method.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
passing an effluent generated by execution of the method through a fractional distillation process to at least one of purify a partially upgraded bitumen and recover the catalyst and solvent for recycling.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
further desulfurizing a partially upgraded bitumen via a conventional thermal reactor or an embodied microwave-driven oxidative sulfur polishing reactor.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
tuning a secondary microwave reactor with an optimized catalyst and oxidant to perform oxidative desulfurization of a bitumen.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of a solvent and a hydrogenation agent are mixed with the hydrocarbon feedstock in the mixing step.
15. A method, comprising:
mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst and an electromagnetic receptor to form a mixture,
wherein the electromagnetic receptor serves as a support for the catalyst and includes at least one of a bi-functional microwave receptor and a sulfur sorption media;
selecting at least one parameter of electromagnetic energy,
wherein the at least one parameter is selected to result in at least one of a depolymerization and a compositional modification of the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least one of smaller hydrocarbon product fractions or a viscosity modification; and
applying the electromagnetic energy using the at least one parameter to the mixture.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is at least one of a coal, a lignite, a subbituminous coal, a bituminous coal, an anthracite, an oil sand, a bitumen or a heavy oil; and wherein products of the method comprise at least one of light gaseous hydrocarbons, middle hydrocarbon distillates, heavy hydrocarbon distillates, tars, pitch, solid carbon, lower viscosity bitumen, or upgraded hydrocarbon distillate fractions.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the electromagnetic energy is a microwave energy between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the microwave energy is at least one of continuous, variable, or pulsed.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the electromagnetic energy is a radio wave that is less than 300 MHz.