System and method for coherent aperture of steered emitters
A coherent aperture array system is used for steering an optical source beam. The system has spaced apart, steerable emitters each able to be mechanically aimed at a remote target location to steer portions of the source beam toward the target location. Each steerable emitter has a subaperture controllable independently of a remaining reflective surface of its associated steerable emitter, to receive and reflect a subportion of the source beam portion. The subportion forms a sense beam which is reflected toward a phase imaging system. A separate reference beam is created from the portion of the source beam travelling toward each steerable emitter. Each sense beam and each reference beam are thus associated uniquely with one of the steerable emitters. A phase imaging system uses the reference beams and the sense beams to determine phase differences between the portions of the source beam being transmitted from each steerable emitter.
1. A coherent aperture array system for steering an optical source beam, the system comprising:
a beam splitter for splitting the optical source beam into a plurality of separate beam portions;
a plurality of spaced apart, steerable emitters each for receiving only one of the plurality of separate beam portions of the optical source beam, each one of said steerable emitters being able to be aimed at a remote target location to independently steer the plurality of separate beam portions of the source beam toward the target location; and
each said steerable emitter further being steerable such that the separate beam portions of the source beam projected from each said steerable emitter coherently recombine to produce a coherent beam at a target location;
a pair of source beam reflectors for receiving the first and second beam portions and reflecting back subportions of each as a reference beam portion uniquely associated with a specific one of the steerable emitters;
a phase imaging system;
each said steerable emitter including a subaperture controllable independently of a remaining reflective surface of its associated said steerable emitter, to receive and reflect subportions of the first or second beam portion being received back as a sense beam along a common optical path being travelled by said first or second reference beam portion toward the phase imaging system; and
the phase imaging system being responsive to each of the reference beam portions and the sense beams, for determining phase differences between the reference beam portion of each said steerable emitter and its associated sense beam.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an electronic control system for determining needed control signals to be transmitted to each said steerable emitter, based on the determinations of phase differences from the phase imaging system, to produce a coherent optical beam from all of the steerable emitters, at the target location.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each said steerable emitter is able to move in at least one of:
a tilting motion about a first axis;
a tipping motion about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; or
a piston motion about a third axis perpendicular to both the first and second axes.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each said steerable emitter is able to move in all of:
a tilting motion about a first axis;
a tipping motion about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; and
a piston motion about a third axis perpendicular to both the first and second axes.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the beam splitter comprises a refractive beam splitter for receiving the source beam and splitting the source beam into the plurality of separate beam portions to be directed toward each of the steerable emitters.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the phase imaging system includes a source beam reflector for reflecting separate ones of the plurality of separate beam portions of the source beam towards an associated single one of the steerable emitters.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein each one of the source beam reflectors includes a major portion having a first reflective surface and a minor portion having a second reflective surface reflective less than the first reflective surface.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the reflective surface of the major portion forms a near 100% reflective surface, and the minor portion forms a reflective surface with a reflectivity less than 100%.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the phase imaging system further comprises a separate mirror associated with one of the source beam reflectors to receive a reference beam that is formed from a portion of the source beam which passes through the minor portion of its associated said source beam reflector, and where the mirror is configured to reflect the reference beam back toward its associated said source beam reflector.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein each said source beam reflector is configured to receive the sense beam from its associated steerable emitter, and to pass the sense beam therethrough.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the phase imaging system further includes a phase imaging subsystem arranged to receive the sense beams and the reference beams reflected from each of the source beam reflectors, and to determine phase differences between the sense beam and reference beam associated with each one of the steerable emitters.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of steerable emitters are arranged in a circle about the source beam with the source beam aligned at an axial center of the circle.
13. A coherent aperture array system for steering an optical source beam, the system comprising:
a refractive beam splitter for receiving and splitting the optical source beam into a plurality of reference beam portions;
a plurality of spaced apart, steerable emitters each being able to be aimed at a remote target location to receive and steer a respective one of the portions of the source beam toward the target location;
each said steerable emitter is able to be at least one of electronically, mechanically, or electromechanically moved in at least one of:
a tilting motion about a first axis;
a tipping motion about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis; or
a piston motion about a third axis perpendicular to both the first and second axes;
each steerable emitter including a subaperture controllable independently of a remaining reflective surface of its associated said steerable emitter, to receive and reflect a subportion of its received portion of the source beam, the subportion reflected forming a sense beam which is reflected toward a phase imaging system along a common optical path travelled by its associated said reference beam portion;
separate reference beam portions created from the source beam, the reference beam portions travelling toward associated ones of said steerable emitters, each said reference beam portion thus being associated uniquely with one of the steerable emitters;
a phase imaging system responsive to each of the reference beam portions and the sense beams, for determining phase differences between the reference beam portions and the sense beams; and
an electronic control system configured to determine needed control signals to apply needed pointing corrections to each of the steerable emitters such that all of the reference beam portions created from the source beam are transmitted from the steerable emitters at least substantially in phase with one another.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the steerable emitters are configured about a circle.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein:
the phase imaging system includes a source beam reflector for reflecting each one of the reference beam portions created from the source beam towards associated single ones of the steerable emitters; and
wherein each one of the source beam reflectors includes a major portion having a first reflective surface and a minor portion have a second reflective surface less reflective than the first reflective surface.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein:
the phase imaging system further comprises a separate mirror associated with one of the source beam reflectors to receive a portion of the reference beam portion which passes through the minor portion of its associated said source beam reflector;
wherein the mirror is configured to reflect the reference beam back toward its associated said source beam reflector; and
wherein each said source beam reflector is configured to receive the sense beam from its associated steerable emitter, and to pass the sense beam therethrough.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein:
the phase imaging system further includes a phase imaging subsystem arranged to receive the sense beams and the reference beam portions reflected from each of the source beam reflectors, and to determine phase differences between the sense beam and reference beam portions associated with each one of the steerable emitters.
18. A method for steering an optical source beam, the method comprising:
using a plurality of spaced apart, steerable emitters each being able to be aimed at a remote target location to steer portions of the source beam toward the target location;
using a subaperture of each said steerable emitter, controllable independently of a remaining reflective surface of its associated said steerable emitter, to receive and reflect a subportion of the source beam portion, the subportion forming a sense beam which is reflected toward a phase imaging system;
creating a separate reference beam from the portion of the source beam travelling toward each said steerable emitter, each said reference beam thus being associated uniquely with one of the steerable emitters and travelling along a common optical path with the source beam portion from an associated one of the steerable emitters towards a phase imaging system; and
using the phase imaging system to receive and analyze each of the reference beams and the sense beams, for determining phase differences between the portions of the source beam being transmitted from each said steerable emitter.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising using the determined phase differences to generate control signals applied to each of the steerable emitters to modify a phase of the portion of the source beam being emitted from each said steerable emitter, to bring all of the portions of the source beam into phase coherence at the target location.